مقايسه حكم فوت و فرار جاني و كيفيت پرداخت ديه در قانون سابق و فعلي مجازات اسلامي

The Comparison of the Legal Decision of the Death and Escape of Murderer and the Method of the Payment of Diya (Mulct) in the Former and Present Islamic Penal Code of Iran

نويسندگان مقاله حاضر به بررسي مقايسه‌اي موضوعِ فوت و فرار قاتل، مطرح‌شده در ماده 260 قانون سابق و ماده 435 قانون فعلي مجازات اسلامي و حالات و فروض احتماليِ مربوط به اين موضوع پرداخته و پس از ذكر سابقه فقهيِ آن، موضوعات زير را بررسي كرده‌اند: مفهومِ «فرار» جاني و مفاهيم مشابه و قابل قياس با آن (مانند خودكشيِ قاتل)؛ تفاوت حكم بر حسبِ نوع قتل؛ لزوم تحقق شرطِ عدم دسترسي به جانيِ فراري؛ تعيين مسيول پرداخت ديه و نحوه آن؛ تسري يا عدم تسريِ حكم مذكور در اين ماده به جرايمِ مادون نفس.

The authors of the present note have examined the issue of the death and escape of murderer which has been determined in Article 260 of the former Islamic Penal Code of Iran and Article 435 of the present Islamic Penal Code of Iran and conditions and possible assumptions related to this subject and after mentioning its jurisprudential record, they have studied the following subjects: The concept of the murderer’s escape and similar and comparative concepts with it (like suicide of the murderer); the differences legal decisions with respect to killing; necessity of occurring the inaccessible condition (stipulation) to the escaped murderer (a fugitive); identifying the responsible for the payment of diya (punitive compensation) and its mechanism; compatibility of the mentioned verdict in this Article to the crimes except murder. Keywords: Murder, The escaped murderer (a fugitive), Suicide, Diya (punitive compensation), Family or relatives.