تجلّيات الغربه وظواهرها في اشعار "عدنان الصايغ" ديوانا «تابّط منفي» و «تكوينات» نموذجاً

بازتاب غربت و جلوه‌هاي آن در شعر عدنان صايغ مطالعه موردي دو ديوان: «تابّط منفي» و «تكوينات»

احساس غربت قدمتي به اندازه عمر بشر دارد و در همه گونه‌هاي انساني از هر نژاد و فرهنگي بروز پيدا كرده‌است. اين احساس گاه دل نازك شاعران را نيز تحت تاثير قرار داده و هر يك از آنان با ديدگاه و موقعيت ويژه خود آن را بيان كرده‌اند. « عدنان صايغ» شاعر معاصر عراقي ازجمله شاعراني است كه تاب تحمل شرايط سخت كشورش را نداشت و به‌ناچار در جست‌وجوي امنيت و روزي خود به كشور ديگري كوچ كرد و به اين احساس دچار شد. جلوه‌هاي غربت و دل‌تنگي در شعر اين شاعر نمود آشكاري دارد، تاآنجاكه به صورت مبالغه‌آميزي به وطن خويش دل‌بستگي و شوق نشان مي‌دهد. اين پژوهش با روش توصيفي ـ تحليلي، مي‌كوشد به مهم‌ترين موضوعاتي بپردازد كه بيانگر غربت و دل‌تنگي شاعر در دو ديوان: تابط منفي و تكوينات است و سياست‌هاي ظالمانه دستگاه حكومتي را نقد مي كند. همچنين از ستمگري‌هاي وحشيانه رژيم بعثي عراق، به‌ويژه آزار و اذيت روشنفكران، شاعران و نويسندگان عراقي سخن مي‌گويد. يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد كه شاعر علي‌رغم دوري از ميهن خويش، همچنان دل‌بسته و شيفته دوستان، خويشان، و اماكن طبيعي عراق است و غم غربت را با سبكي ساده، روان، زيبا و به دور از لفظ‌پردازي، پيچيده‌گويي و آوردن تعابير پرزرق‌وبرق بيان مي‌كند.

The phenomenon of Nostalgia or banishment has existed since the creation of the first human being, i.e. Adam, and can be seen in all communities and cultures. Many poets dealing with pain and suffering which filled their hearts with sorrow have left their homelands. Nostalgia brings about painful feelings in the hearts of poets such that each of them interpret it with regard to their own vision and special circumstances. “Adn?n al-??i?”,an Iraqi contemporary poet, is among the poets who left theircountry and chose a foreign one. He could not tolerate the hardship and poor conditions and events of his country and, in search for security and sanctuary, had no choice but to immigrate. Nostalgia and longing are obvious phenomena in all his poems showing an exaggerated attachment and zealotry to his homeland. In the present paper as a cross-sectional study, we try to address the most important topics that reflect the poet’s state of loneliness and nostalgia, and the government’s cruel policies leading Adn?n al-??i? to leave his homeland. To this aim, topics such as avoiding friends and family, and natural phenomena are investigated in “Ta abbatmanf?” and “Takw?n?t”. The importance of the present study is because of revealing the barbaric cruelty of the Ba’thist regime in dealing with intellectuals, especially Iraqi poets and writers. The findings of the present study show that despite being away from his country, the poet is still attached to and fond of his friends, relatives, and Iraq’s natural places so much that he writes his poems with great enthusiasm. The joy outside his homeland has not made him unaware of his country; rather, he constantly speaks of the bitterness of life and wails in his homeland. To express these emotions, the poet makes use of simple and fluent style; nostalgia prevents him from ranting and using splendid interpretations; therefore, his poems seem fluent and expressive.