آداب دانش‌اندوزي در سخنان امام رضا(عليه السلام)

Conventions of Learning Knowledge in The Words of Imam Reza (peace be upon him

چكيده: امام رضا(ع) امتيازهاي زيادي براي علم برشمرده و طلب و دريافت معارف ديني را تنها از افرادي كه واجد شرايط خاص هستند، مجاز دانسته‌اند، در عين حال اشاره نموده‌اند كه طلب و دريافت ديگر علوم از هر كس كه آن‌را دارا باشد مطلوب است. بررسي حاضر در پاسخ به پرسش «امام رضا(ع) چه آدابي را شرط تحقق امتيازهاي علم دانسته‌اند؟» اشاره نموده كه ايشان بر ضرورت انگيزه الهي در دانش‌اندوزي تاكيد نموده و مواردي، مانند خشيت از خداوند، خدمت نمودن به مردم و انجام كارهاي خوب را از نشانه‌هاي انگيزه الهي برشمرده‌اند، عمقي بودن تعليم و تعلم و نيز پرسش براي طلب علم را مورد تاكيد قرار داده و شرم جاهل از پرسش و شرم پاسخ‌دهنده از گفتن «نمي‌دانم» را در فرض عدم آگاهي وي نكوهش كرده‌اند. از ديدگاه آن حضرت، معلم بايد داراي ويژگي‌هاي خاصي باشد و متعلم نيز بايد خويشتن خود را بشناسد. هدف از نوشتار حاضر كه به روش توصيفي و تحليلي انجام شده آن است كه آداب دانش‌اندوزي و امتيازهاي علم از منظر فرهنگ رضوي بيان و با رعايت آن آداب، به توسعه علم و دانش تشويق شود.

Abstract: Imam Reza has recited so many privileges for knowledge and he has considered the reception of religious knowledges , from the people who has the special qualifications as a permissible work. Also , he has pointed out this matter that demanding and receiving other sciences from every person who has that knowledge ,s desirable. The present research has pointed out this response for the question of Imam Reza "which conventions have been considered as a condition for accomplishment of knowledge privileges?" that his Holiness has emphasized on the necessity of divine motion in learning knowledge , and he has considered some cases such as humanity from God , giving service to people and doing good works as the signs of divine motivation . He has emphasized the deep learning and education and also asking questions in demanding knowledge ,more over , he has reproached the shame of on ignorant person from asking questions and also the shame of the responder from telling "I don’t know" in supposition of his/her lack of awareness. From the viewpoint of His holiness , the teacher should have some special features and the student should also know his/her self . the purpose of the present study which has been done through a descriptive and analytic method is to express the conventions of learning knowledge and privileges of it from the viewpoint of culture descended from Imam Reza , so that development of science and knowledge is encouraged by observing, those conventions.