سقوط زرنگ؛ ظهور شهر سيستان

Fall of "Zarang", Rise of "City of Sistan

بسياري از محققان، مورخّان، جغرافي دانان و سيستانشناسان، شهر زرنگ را با شهر سيستان يكي دانسته و معتقداند كه اين شهر از بدو تاسيس، در اواخر دوره ساساني، تا 845 هجري كه با حمله امير تيمور - گوركاني تخريب و، سپس، در 411 هجري با حمله شاهرخ تيموري به كلي ويران شد مركزيت و - كرسي سيستان را بر عهده داشته است. نگارنده معتقد است كه شهر سيستان شهري كاملاً متفاوت، مستقل و مجزا از شهر زرنگ بوده است و از نيمه دوم قرن چهارم هجري قمري كه شهر زرنگ اعتبار سياسي و مركزيت خود را از دست داد، جايگزين آن شده و تا نيمه اول قرن نهم ه جري نيز كرسي سيستان بوده است. در اين پژوهش كه، براساس هدف، از نوع تحقيقات بنيادي و، براساس ماهيت و روش، از نوع تحقيقات تاريخي است، سعي نگارنده بر آن است تا با استناد به منابع تاريخي و تامل در نوشتههاي آنان، تغيير كرسي منطقه سيستان را از شهر زرنگ به شهر سيستان و، بهعبارتي ديگر، اين مهم را كه شهر زرنگ همان شهر سيستان نيست، بهعنوان يك حقيقت تاريخي بررسي كند و صحّت آن را با ارايه دلايل روشن و شواهد متقن به اثبات برساند.

Many researchers, historians, geographers, and Sistanologists believed that the city of "Zarang" was the same "City of Sistan". This city since its establishment in the late Sasanian period up to the year 785 AH that Amir Timur attacked and destroyed it and in the year 811 AH by the attack of Timurid Shahrukh it was completely destroyed, was the capital of Sistan. The writer of these lines believes that "City of Sistan" had been a completely different city, independent of the city of "Zarang", and in the second half of the fourth century AH, that the city of "Zarang" lost its centrality and political credibility, it had been replaced by "City of Sistan" and it had been the capital of Sistan province till the first half of the ninth century AH. The purpose of this research is based on fundamental research and on the nature and methods of historical research. The author has tried to study the change of capital from "Zarang" to "City of Sistan" based on the historical sources and by reflection on their writing. In other words, the author has tried to study the fact that "Zarang" is not the same as "City of Sistan" as a historical fact and has tried to prove its accuracy by providing clear and concrete evidence.