بازآفريني بافت قديم شهر آمل مبتني بر استراتژي توسعه گردشگري

Regenerating Amolʹʹs Old Fabric Based on Tourism Development Strategy (TDS) and Scenario-Based Strategic Planning

بافت قديم آمل داراي پتانسيل‌هاي ارزشمند براي گسترش گردشگري به‌منظور توسعه پايدار است. در اين مقاله، ابتدا به شناسايي مولفه‌هاي تاثيرگذار بر بازآفريني بافت قديم آمل مبتني بر توسعه گردشگري شهري پرداخته و چارچوب نظري استراتژي توسعه گردشگري ارايه‌شده است. نتايج حاصل از مباني نظري نشان مي‌دهد كه مولفه‌هاي اساسي توسعه گردشگري شامل مولفه هاي استراتژيك نظير كسب وكار، رخدادهاي خاص، جاذبه‌هاي كالبدي، خرده فروشي و فرهنگ و مولفه ها‌ي زيرساختي و امكانات رفاهي پشتيبان نظير خدمات رفاهي و پذيرايي، حمل ونقل و دسترسي و آموزش و اطلاع‌رساني هستند. با به‌كارگيري اين مولفه‌ها در قالب فرآيند پيشنهادي پژوهش، شناخت آنها در بافت قديم آمل و تحليل داده‌ها با استفاده از تكنيك SWOTET، زمينه براي تدوين مسيرهاي راهنماي كليدي توسعه گردشگري فراهم آمد. درنتيجه پنج مسير كليدي بر اساس نظر بهره‌وران كليدي تدوين و با استفاده از روش ويكور رتبه‌بندي گرديد. ماهيت اين مسيرها نشان مي‌دهد كه در بافت قديم آمل، مولفه‌هاي مكاني (نظير جاذبه هاي تاريخي و مذهبي و فضاهاي ميزباني از نمايشگاه‌ها و رخدادها)، مولفه هاي اقتصادي (نظير بازار و خرده‌فروشي) و مولفه هاي فرهنگي، بيشترين تاثير را بر توسعه گردشگري آن دارند. در ادامه بر اساس ماهيت سه مسير كليدي اول، چشم‌انداز مشترك توسعه تدوين و متناظراً براي تفسير آن سناريوي هاي گردشگري، اهداف، راهبردها، سياست ها و اقدامات مربوطه طراحي گرديد.

An urban regeneration project is defined as a series of actions determined to accomplish urban regeneration aims that lead to reduce the problems of an area via improving the socioeconomic, physical and environmental conditions. Today, urban regeneration is one of key principles in act of planning and it is beyond the urban renewal, urban redevelopment or urban rehabilitation processes because of its longer-term and strategic approaches and its socioeconomic goals beside physical ones. The governanceʹs policies show that urban tourism has been seen as an important tool to regenerate the cities has been faced declining. So, in this situation, urban tourism development can be the catalyst of radical changes in the cityʹs economy. It means urban tourism often is applied for motivating economic regenerating in cities because the tourism can increasingly offer major employment. In many of famous cities around the world that are taken account as the main tourism center, in fact, their historical spaces and inner cities play as a center to attract tourists and city branding. Thus, improving and addressing to these spaces can be play a key role to develop local economic based on urban tourism. In Iran, there are a lot of old and historical cities in scale of medium and they often have many historical spaces. But, these spaces have been destroying due to negligence of them. Also, Amol city has similarly contained these problems. Amolʹs old fabric has several valuable potentials such as historical monuments, Straights-Markets, 12 Cheshme Bridge, Haraz River and etc. to develop tourism in order to sustainable development. In this article, it first was addressed to identify influence components on regeneration of Amolʹs old fabric based on urban tourism development and then, to present a theoretical framework of Tourism Development Strategy (TDS). The results of theoretical foundations are shown that the fundamental components for developing tourism include strategic components such as business, events, attractions, retail and culture; and components of infrastructures and amenities for supporting tourism such as public services and catering, transportation-accessibility and education-information. The background was provided for developing key TDSs by applying these components in form of the research conceptual model (TDS process), identifying them in Amolʹs old fabric and analyzing data using SWOTET technique (The acronym ʹSWOTETʹ means Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats, Events and Trends). Thus, five key guidelines were formulated by key stakeholderʹs opinions and were prioritized by VIKOR method. Essences of strategies show that locational components (religious and historical attractions and hosting spaces of exhibitions and events), economical components (market and retail) and cultural components have most impact on tourism development in Amolʹs old fabric. Subsequently, the shared vision was formulated based on essences of three first key guidelines, and similarly, three scenarios that include leisure and business tourism, retail tourism and religious tourism were designed for interpreting the shared vision. The aims, strategies, policies and action plan were offered for each of the scenarios to be regenerated Amolʹs old fabric through tourism in long-term (Ten years).