پديد آورندگان :
حيدر پور، بهنام نويسنده كارشناسي ارشد علوم دامي دانشكاه آزاد اسلامي واحد مراغه Heidarpour, Behnam , نوبخت، علي نويسنده هيأت علمي دانشگاه آزاد واحد مراغه Nobakht, Ali
كليدواژه :
آفلاتوكسيكوزيس , اسيد هيوميك , جوجه‌هاي گوشتي , بنتونيت سديم , ديواره سلولي مخمر
چكيده فارسي :
این تحقیق در قالب طرح كاملاً تصادفی با نه تیمار آزمایشی و چهار تكرار و با در نظر گرفتن دوازده قطعه جوجه در هر واحد آزمایشی جمعاً بر روی 432 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس- 308 انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل جیره عاری از آفلاتوكسین، جیره آلوده به آفلاتوكسین به میزان (ppb254)، پنج جیره آلوده به آفلاتوكسین مكمل شده با سطوح 2/0، 4/0، 6/0، 8/0 و 1 درصد اسید هومیك، جیره آلوده به آفلاتوكسین مكمل شده با 5/0 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و جیره آلوده به آفلاتوكسین مكمل شده با 1/0 درصد دیواره سلولی مخمر بودند. برای مقایسه تفاوت بین گروه‌ها از آزمون چند دامنه‌‌ای دانكن استفاده شد. آزمایش از سن 7 روزگی پرندگان تحت آزمایش شروع و در سن 35 روزگی به اتمام رسید. آلوده نمودن جیره¬ها به آفلاتوكسین و افزودن جاذب‌های آن اثرات معنی‌داری بر عملكرد و وزن نسبی اندام‌های داخلی جوجه‌های گوشتی داشت (05/0 >P). استفاده از جیره آلوده به آفلاتوكسین و جاذب‌های آن، سبب افزایش معنی‌دار میزان مصرف خوراك نسبت به جیره بدون آفلاتوكسین شد. كمترین مقدار افزایش وزن در پرندگان تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی آفلاتوكسین بدون مواد جاذب مشاهده شد. استفاده از 2/0 درصد اسید هومیك موجب بهبود معنی‌دار افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل خوراك در پرندگان تغذیه شده به جیره آلوده به آفلاتوكسین گردید. نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد كه اسید هومیك می‌تواند موجب كاهش اثر منفی جیره‌‌های آلوده به آفلاتوكسین بر عملكرد جوجه¬های گوشتی شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction The occurrence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds is a problem of major concern in all over the world. Profitability of poultry production can be greatly affected due to the frequency of feed contamination and the detrimental effects of these toxins on the performance. Aflatoxins, a group of closely related and biologically active mycotoxins, are produced by strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. They commonly occur as natural contaminant of poultry feeds. Domestic animal species such as chickens, ducks, cattle and turkeys consuming sublethal doses of aflatoxins for several days developed a toxic syndrome in which liver damage was the most significant change. The biological effects of aflatoxins could be categorized into two groups, long term and short term effects. Long term effects included chronic toxicity, cancer, birth defects and genetic alterations. Aflatoxins affected all poultry species, although they generally take relatively high levels to cause mortality, low levels can be detrimental if continually fed.
Material and Methods This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of mineral, organic toxin absorbents, humic acid and yeast cell wall on performance and internal organs weight of broilers in experimental aflatoxicosis. This study was conducted in a completely randomize design with 432 Ross-308 broilers with 9 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 broilers in each replicate. Treatments included diet without aflatoxin, 2: diet contaminated with aflatoxin, 3: diet contaminated with aflatoxin and supplemented with 0.20 Humic acid, 4: diet contaminated with aflatoxin and supplemented with 0.40 Humic acid, 5: diet contaminated with aflatoxin and supplemented with 0.60 Humic acid, 5: diet contaminated with aflatoxin and supplemented with 0.80 Humic acid, 6: diet contaminated with aflatoxin and supplemented with 0.80 Humic acid, 7: diet contaminated with aflatoxin and supplemented with 1.00 Humic acid, 8: diet contaminated with aflatoxin and supplemented with 0.50 sodium bentonite, 9: diet with aflatoxin and supplemented with 0.10 yeast cell wall. The experiment was done between 7-35 days.
Results and Discussion The results showed that afalatoxin and its absorbents significantly affect the performance and internal organs weight of broilers (P <0.05). In aflatoxicosis and toxin absorbents diets the amounts of daily feed intake in contrast with control group increased. The lowest amount of weight gain was observed in aflatoxicosis diet. Using 0.2% of humic acid in aflatoxicosis diet significantly improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Using all three types of toxin absorbents, improved the liver and bursa fabricius weight. The growth performance of chicks can be influenced by the addition of aflatoxin to the diet. Contaminated experimental diets with aflatoxin and toxin absorbents in contrast with control group increased the amount of daily feed intake. Increase in the amount of feed intake by using contaminated corn can be related to energy content of corn grains. Contaminated grains with aflatoxin decrease the amount of grains energy. So, birds for supplying sufficient amount of energy intake more amount of diets. By consuming high levels of feed, highly amount of nutrients supplied for biological activity, so the amount of daily weight gain in experimental groups without group 2 especially in starter period increased and feed conversion ratio improved. Increase the percentages of liver and weight of bursa fabricius in 2 experimental group can be related to harmful effects of aflatoxin in diet, whereas these effects reduced by using toxin absorbents.
Conclusion The overall results showed that using aflatoxin in broiler diets have adverse effects on performance of broilers. Using diets with aflatoxin contaminated can improve their performance in contrast with other toxin absorbents.
