ارايه مدلي براي تبيين فقر در مناطق روستايي (مطالعه موردي: استان چهارمحال و بختياري)

A Model for Explaining the Poverty in Rural Areas (Case Study: Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province)

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي و تبيين فقر در مناطق روستايي استان چهارمحال و بختياري مي باشد. روش: در اين پژوهش با استفاده از روش پيمايشي و بكارگيري مدل سازي معادلات ساختاري به ارايه الگويي از فقر در مناطق روستايي استان چهارمحال و بختياري اقدام گرديده است. جامعه آماري اين تحقيق سرپرستان خانوارهاي مناطق روستايي استان چهارمحال و بختياري مي باشد كه با استفاده از فرمول كوكران نمونه اي به حجم 384 نفر از بين آنها به روش نمونه گيري تصادفي انتخاب گرديده و با ابزار پرسشنامه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته اند. يافته ها: تحليل هاي بدست آمده نشان مي دهد كه مدل مرتبه دوم فقر روستايي تحت تاثير عامل هاي پنهان اجتماعي، اقتصادي و سياسي قرار دارد. مقدار p كليه پارامترهاي لامدا در مدل مرتبه دوم فوق نشان از تاييد كليه اين روابط دارد. نهايتاً شاخص هاي برازش مدل نشان مي دهند كه عامل هاي اجتماعي، اقتصادي و سياسي به خوبي توانسته فقر روستايي را اندازه گيري كنند. محدوديت‌ها: محدوديت اصلي پژوهش حاضر تغييرات سياسي استان چهارمحال و بختياري مي باشد كه در سال 1392 از 7 شهرستان به 9 شهرستان تغيير يافته است. راهكارهاي عملي: فقر روستايي تحت تاثير ابعاد اقتصادي، اجتماعي و سياسي مي باشد و براي برنامه هاي فقرزدايي توجه به مجموع عوامل فوق بايد مدنظر قرار گيرد. اصالت و ارزش: درباره فقر در ايران اغلب مطالعاتي كه تاكنون انجام گرفته به بعد اقتصادي مرتبط بوده كه با استفاده از داده هاي ثانويه و بدون مراجعه به جامعه روستايي صورت گرفته است. در تحقيق حاضر سعي گرديده همه ابعاد به صورتي جامع و سيستمي كه همان نگرش جغرافيايي است مورد توجه و بررسي قرار گيرد.

Extended Abstract 1-Introduction It is a long time that geography of poverty has entered the geographical literature and always Geographers remember it as a bitter social reality that its effects and negative results are reflected in all parts of individual and social life. In Iran, poverty has been a more economic concept and has been taken into consideration less than other aspects. In the case that we want to indicate properly the applicability of policy making and applying the programs to fight against poverty, we need to know different aspects of poverty, its indices and criteria. The aim of the study is investigating different dimensions of rural poverty. . For this reason, clarifying the concept of poverty, its different dimensions have been known first, and then the role of these dimensions in rural poverty has been analyzed. 2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Poverty is a social, economic, cultural and politic reality that for a long time has been the most human problems and at the present also human society, despite the so many changes that itʹs happened in different science with this ominous phenomenon has problem. The traditional basis, most of the authorities describe that poverty is only being lack. Some of them it define a calorie lower than a standard. Some may know poverty of the security food, clothing and housing under minimum level. Some of the others know due to social factors and its failure. While the poverty is not one-dimensional word with an absolute concept the poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon; that includes not only economical dimension to satisfy the basic needs but itʹs also include the human dimension, physical, environmental, social and political. One of the main goals of economic development is reduce of poverty in each country. Although the measures relating to social security and support of the poor and rural vulnerable have at least 40 years old In Iran but achievements the programs is not significant for poverty reduction and vulnerability in income in rural areas of the country . In all the ultra-analysis has taken about rural poverty of Iran two important points has been emphasis first main part studies about poverty in Iran have been economic considerations that most emphasis has been the monetary and financial aspects. Second the most studies have been mainly study of mechanical and away from social life of the people and reference direct have been to them which are obtained using secondary data statistical center of Iran. 3- METHODOLOGY This kind of research was development –applied and the methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical and survey. First using full recognition to spatial system than in the villages of study area and the use of the participants ʹ demographic characteristics the participants ʹ and reports of organizations in township and district and rural districts center and use of GIS software for map the dispersal of the villages and some complementary information associated with the subject, deep understanding was achieved to study area. After this stage, conceptual framework of the research was drawn by researchers and the first 30 questionnaire were evaluated as a guide in two villages. According to history of the subject and the theoretical framework was investigated by the researchers the initial validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. The statistical society of this research is drawn from the householdʹs heads of rural areas Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province (93076 people). Then the Cochranʹs formula was used to achieve a reasonable volume of the sample that finally 390 questionnaires were used to analysis. In this study, using structural equation modeling to provide a model for poverty has been effort in rural areas of Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province. It is evident that the model is specific study area and it can have many different in other areas. 4- DISCUSSION In the first step of this research conceptual model of research was formed based on rural poverty indices. The results of the second-order model tests show that the hidden social, economic and political variables are able to measure the poverty of rural areas. The results of the model fitting indices show that the model is well fitted. The Chi-Square is equal 32.886 that according amount of P that is 0.423 shows there is not different between theoretical and practical model. The other significant index of the fitted model is also RMSEA that is 0.012 equal that show data have been the representation of conceptual model of this research. 5- CONCLUSION - Pay attention to potential in the region, especially in the field of agricultural development -More attention to housing with facilitate about housing mortgage conditions, reducing the amount of instalments for villagers hostages - The use of native materials and standard for reducing costs - Pay attention to training dimension and cultural villagers especially about trainings related to agricultural sector - The development of rural infrastructural such as roads -More attention to villagersʹ health.