حجيّت شهرت فتوايي قدما با رويكردي به آراي امام خميني(س)

The Authority of Injunctive Fame of Earlier Prominent Jurists with an Approach based on Imam Khomeini’s Views

هر چند كه با يك نگاه كلي شهرت به روايي، عملي و فتوايي تقسيم مي‌شود ولي شهرت مورد بحث در اين مقاله شهرت فتوايي بين قدما است. يعني فتوايي كه شهرت يافته اما مستندات آن معلوم نيست. حجيّت چنين شهرتي مورد پرسش است. بعضي از فقيهان همچون مرحوم خويي شهرت فتوايي را في نفسه حجت نمي‌دانند و تنها ادله موافقان حجيّت شهرت فتوايي را رد مي‌كنند و با نفي اعتبار شهرت در موارد زيادي آراي متقدمين را به چالش كشيده و در مقابل، بزرگاني چون آيت الله بروجردي و امام خميني و آيت الله بجنوردي شهرت فتوايي قدما را حجت مي‌دانند. از نظر ايشان اين گونه شهرت حاصل اصولي است كه مستقيماً و بدون دگرگوني، از امام معصوم(ع) اخذ شده است و تنها قدما ناقل اصول متلقات بوده‌اند و به بسياري از ادله معتبر دسترسي داشته‌اند؛ اما بعضي ازآنها به دست ما نرسيده است و وجود مناط حجيّت اجماع در شهرت فتوايي،كه همان كشف قطعي از قول معصوم(ع) است، مهم‌ترين دليل بر حجيّت شهرت فتوايي قدماست.

In a general classification, fame is divided into narrative, behavioral and injunctive, but in this paper we mean injunctive fame among earlier prominent jurists, i.e. the injunction or decree that has risen to fame but its documentations are unknown. The authority of such a decree is in question. Some jurists like the late Grand Ayatollah Khoyi do not attach authority to injunctive fame per se and only reject the reasoning by the supporters of the injunctive fame, thus challenge the views of the earlier jurists in many cases by negating the validity of the fame. On the contrary, some others like the late Ayatollah Borujerdi, the late Imam Khomeini and the late Ayatollah Bojnourdi give authority to the injunctive fame of earlier jurists. In their view, any fame comes from principles that have been received from the Infallible Imam directly and without any change. Thus earlier prominent jurists have only narrated the principles they have received while they had access to the reliable documents and evidence, some of which we have not received so far. The most important reason for the authority of the injunctive fame of earlier prominent jurists is the existence of the basis of authoritative consensus in injunctive fame that is the same as conclusive narration of what they have received from the Infallible Imam.