تاويل در تفاسير ابن عربي و ملاصدرا

Comparative Study of Interpretation in the Works of Ibn Arabi and Mulla Sadra

يكي از رويكردهاي تفسيري مورد توجه مفسران در فهم قرآن، تفسير عرفاني است.تكيه بر تاويل و رمزي انگاشتنِ قرآن، مهم ترين ويژگي تفاسير عرفاني است.عرفا با تكيه بر كشف و شهود و معرفت خاص خود، با روشي متمايز، به تفسير قرآن پرداخته اند. ابن عربي و ملاصدرا هر دو به تاويل در تمامي آيات قرآني كه تنها اولوالالباب و راسخون در علم شايستگان به انجام آن هستند، اعتقاد دارند.از بررسي آثار صدرالمتالهين اين گونه استنباط مي‌شودكه تاثير وي از ابن عربي در نگاه تاويلي او به جهان، مشهود است؛ اما او در شناخت جهان تنها به اين روش-شناسي تاويلي قناعت نمي‌كند، بلكه ترجيح مي دهد كه نگاهي فلسفي به جهان داشته باشد و روش شهودي- عقلي را به‌عنوان معيار تشخيص درستي استنباط به كار برد؛ هرچند از نمادپردازي هاي بيش از حد حذر مي كند. در اين ميان باتوجه به وجوه اشتركي كه در تاويل ابن عربي و ملاصدرا از برخي از آيات قرآن مشاهده مي شود، وجوه اختلاف و افتراقي هم وجود داردكه از تفكر شيعي ملاصدرا نشيت مي گيرد. البته ابن عربي نيز در مهم ترين باورها و آموزه هاي خود به‌طور ترديدناپذيري از سرچشمههاي جوشان تشيع آب معرفت نوشيده است.

Theosophical interpretation is one of the approaches favored by some scholars in interpretation of the Holy Quran. In this kind of interpretation, the emphasis is on discovering the implicit meanings in the verses. The most important characteristic of theosophical interpretation is the reliance on paraphrase explanation and coded nature of Quran. Sufism and the mystics have embarked on a different interpretation of the Holy Quran by reliance on intellectual intuition and their special cognition that is different from other manners of interpretation. Ibn Arabi and Mulla Sadra have both embarked on interpretation of all Quranic verses, of course laudable and accurate interpretation that Ibn Arabi prefers to call it indication. This manner of interpretation is only practicable by the men of understanding and will-power. By studying Mulla Sadra’s works one can deduct that he has evidently been impressed by Ibn Arabi in his interpretive approach toward the universe. However, he does not confine himself to interpretive methodology and prefers to have a philosophical approach toward the universe. Thus he uses intuitive-rational method as a complementary method or the criteria for discerning what is right. In the meantime, he avoids excessive symbolism. Despite some commonalities in interpretation of some verses from the Holy Quran by the two thinkers, there are some differences of opinions that stem from Mulla Sadra’s Shia thinking. Of course, Ibn Arabi, has undoubtedly enjoyed Shia school of thought in expressing his most important beliefs and teachings, although his powerful mind and his rich imagination hide these impressions behind the mighty structure of his enchanting interpretations.