امام خميني و نگرش حكومتي به فقه

Imam Khomeini and His Governmental View towards Jurisprudence

نگرش تاريخي از فقه شيعه عمدتاً به اقتضاي شرايط زمانه، رويكردي فردي يافته و رفع نيازهاي مومنان و تدبير امور زندگي مومنانه افراد را مد نظر قرار داده است. برخلاف نگرش تاريخي، فقه شيعه ظرفيتي گسترده دارد كه مي‌تواند همه شيون زندگي افراد، از نيازهاي فردي گرفته تا نيازهاي اجتماعي و حكومتي را اداره كند. با پيروزي انقلاب اسلامي ايران و امكان تحقق حداكثري ظرفيت‌هاي فقه شيعه، امام خميني ضمن بازخواني فقه شيعه، قرايتي حكومت‌مدار از آن ارايه كرده كه بر نگرشي حكومت‌محور مبتني است. ايشان اجتهاد را در راستاي اداره مطلوب جامعه‌اي وسيع در قالب حكومت به كار گرفته و رفع نيازمندي‌هاي فردي، اجتماعي و حكومتي جامعه را مد نظر قرار داده است. اين نگرش فقهي، ويژگي‌ها و اقتضايات خاصي دارد كه مي‌تواند تدبير مطلوب جامعه را برعهده گرفته، كارآمدي آن را تضمين كند.

The historical view towards Shiite jurisprudence has changed to an individual approach mainly due to the conditions of life, and it has considered satisfying the needs of believers as well as the prudence of their life affairs. Against the historical view, Shiite jurisprudence is of an extended capacity being able to manage all the dimensions of people’s life including the individual, social and governmental life. Along with the victory of Iran Islamic revolution and the possibility of the best realization of capacities of Shiite jurisprudence, Imam Khomeini has reviewed Shiite jurisprudence and presented a government-based reading on the basis of governmental approach. He has applied jurisprudence in line with the favorable management of society and considered the satisfaction of individual, social and governmental needs of community. This jurisprudential view is of particular properties and requirements leading to the favorable management of community and guarantees its qualification.