سنجش رضايت‌مندي از كيفيت زندگي در مجتمع‌هاي زيستي احداث شده پس از رويداد زلزله مطالعه موردي: شهرستان زيركوه (قاين)

Satisfaction Evaluation of the Quality of Life in Biological Complexes after an Earthquake Event Case Study: Zirkooh (Ghaen))

یكی از مهم¬ترین مسائل برنامه¬ریزان روستایی كشور، وقوع سوانح طبیعی در مناطق روستایی با توجه به آسیب¬پذیری بسیار بالای این مناطق است. گاهی حوادث طبیعی خود به‌تنهایی یك بحران محسوب نمی¬شود، بلكه بحران زمانی رخ می¬دهد كه جامعه¬ای در محلی ساكن شوند كه برنامه¬ریزان بدون توجه به علایق و خواسته¬های آنان، در نظر گرفته¬اند؛ بنابراین ارزیابی شاخص كیفیت زندگی در نواحی روستایی آسیب¬دیده¬ای كه طرح تجمیع برای آن‌ها اجرا شده ‌است، دارای اهمیت است. هدف پژوهش حاضر آن است كه ارزیابی نقش مجتمع‌های زیستی روستایی بنا شده پس از رویداد زلزله در بهبود كیفیت زندگی مردم در مقایسه با قبل از زلزله را با استفاده از شاخص¬های ذهنی كیفیت زندگی مورد تحلیل قرار دهد. تحقیق از لحاظ هدف كاربردی و از لحاظ روش توصیفی– تحلیلی است. داده‌های مورد نیاز از مطالعات كتابخانه‌ای و پیمایشی گردآوری شده است. جامعه آماری نواحی روستایی ادغام شده بعد از رویداد زلزله اردیبهشت 1376 است كه در چهار مجتمع بارنجگان، حاجی¬آباد، گمنج و مهمانشهر اسكان داده شدند كه از این میان 227 خانوار به روش كوكران انتخاب شده است. به‌منظور سنجش تحقیق با آزمون¬T و ویلكاكسون، با بهره‌گیری از نرم¬افزار SPSS بوده است. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان می¬دهد تجمیع روستاها توانسته بهبود چشمگیری در كیفیت زندگی ساكنان روستایی ایجاد كند. در چهار مجتمع مورد مطالعه به‌جز در شاخص درآمد و ثروت در 9 شاخص دیگر روند مثبتی مشاهده می¬شود كه این به دلیل عدم توجه به امر اشتغال¬زایی و نابرابری در بهره¬مندی از فرصت¬های شغلی از یك جهت و محدودیت منابع آب‌وخاك از سوی دیگر است.

1. Introduction Earthquake is a significant natural disaster which always affects different areas. Zirkooh city due to the existence of active faults always faces destructive earthquakes (Rajabi, 1384, p. 279). In May 9, 1997 this city was stricken by a severe earthquake with an intensity of 1.7 Richter scale, and faced severe physical injuries, financial, and social damages. Following the earthquake, Islamic Republic Housing Foundation of Southern Khorasan province which is in charge of the construction of villages hit by natural disasters, adopted aggregation and integration policies. Because of the need to address in timely manner to the damaged villages has caused to pay less attention to some factors such as economic, social-cultural, and skeletal and also village residence satisfaction of their life quality in biological complexes which this leads to negative consequences. In this regard, the survey was conducted in response to the main question that is, “Is accommodation of the villagers of earthquake-stricken villages in rural biological complexes could answer their satisfaction of life quality compared to their life condition before earthquake?” 2. Study Area Zirkooh city is located in the northeast of southern Khorasan with its central city named HajiAbad It is bordering RAZAVI KHORASAN from the north and from the south is bordering DARMIAN city. From the west, it is bordering QAEEN city , and also is bordered by Afghanistan from east side. Totally, this city has 138 towns that among them 103 towns have residents and 35 are haunted towns. (South KhorasanPlanning Department, 1393). The study area of this research is villages ' damaged areas by the earthquake of May 9, 1997 that these areas have been resettled in four complexes named, BARENJAN, HAJI ABAD, GAMANJ and MEHMANSHAHR. 3. Matarial and Methods This study is practical in term of purpose and analyticalin term of method. The statistical population is integrated rural areas by earthquake of May 1997 that are resettled in four complexes (BARENJAN, HAJI ABAD, GAMANJ, and MEHMANSHAHR). Among them 227 households were chosen by Cochran method. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (central index and dispersion) and and Wilcoxon non-parametric and t parametric of dependent samples are used. 4. Results and Discussion Analyzing the results of the Wilcoxon test indicated that the rate of economic satisfaction of rural residents compare to previous settlement is not significantly different. Reviewing acquired data of dependant two-sample t test totally, is an indication of increasing the satisfaction rate of cultural-social in all complexes. Analyzing the findings of dependant two-sample t test overall, showed that the rate of villagers’ spatial-physical satisfaction after the earthquake and their accommodation in biological complexes compared to their condition before the earthquake in all complexes has increased. Overall employment quality, income, education, attendance, social and environmental cohesion, in all complexes was in a low rate. Surveying residents’ view based on Likert, indicated that the majority of the respondents are satisfied with their life quality in these biological complexes. 5. Conclusion In this study, satisfaction of life quality in biological complexes was checked using the collected data of questionnaires in Zirkooh city. To check the findings of this study, it can be deduced that aggregation and integration of sample villages lead to improved spatial-physical and socio-cultural quality and hence villagers’ satisfaction In contrast the role of economic quality of complexes in resident satisfaction in rural areas was in low rate. In study complexes due to lack of attention to the occupation productivity and inequality in job opportunities in one hand and water and soil resources constrain on the other hand, made placed residents reuse their previous resources locating in previous areas. And this fact increased the distance between living place and working place so that villagers have to spend more time for transportation. Taken together, these factors have reduced the level of labor productivity and have increased costs and expenses.