باز‌زنده‌سازي و احيا بافت فرسوده با رويكرد حفظ هويت مسكن

Regeneration and restoration of old texture with a perspective to protect the identity of housing, case study –Joybareh locality in Isfahan*

امروزه بافت تاريخي شهرها به دليل ساختار سنتي‌، فرسودگي واحدهاي مسكوني‌، دشواري دسترسي‌، ضعف‌ زيرساخت‌ها و تشكيلات زيست‌محيطي سير ركود و عقب‌ماندگي را طي مي‌كند. در راستاي اين تحولات بنيادين در شهرهاي تاريخي و رفع مشكلات از بافت تاريخي شهرها طرح‌هايي در قالب بازسازي – نوسازي – بهسازي و باز‌زنده‌سازي درزمينه‌هاي مختلف تهيه و اجرا شده است. شيوه برخورد با اين بافت‌هاي تاريخي متاثر از ديدگاه‌هاي فلسفي در شهرسازي متفاوت بوده است‌. در دهه‌هاي اخير با احيا بافت تاريخي و رفع فرسودگي از شهرها و اعيان‌سازي به همراه حفظ و احيا هسته تاريخي و هماهنگي بين بافت نو و تاريخي با تاكيد بر هنجارها و ارزش‌هاي اجتماعي مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. شهر تاريخي اصفهان با قدمت ديرينه از اين قاعده تحولات بنيادين شهرسازي در ايران مستثني نبوده و تحولات بسياري در ساختار سنتي آن صورت گرفته است‌. نظام به‌هم‌پيوسته و ارگانيك شهر به همراه شبكه معابر (سرپوشيده و روباز) و محله‌هاي خودكفاي تاريخي دچار تحولات بسيار شده‌اند از جمله محله جويباره كه جز هسته‌هاي تاريخي شهر اصفهان به شمار مي‌رود. در اين محله به رغم طرح‌هاي اجرا شده از جمله كف‌سازي معابر، بهسازي و بازسازي تك‌بناهاي باارزش و ايجاد فضاي سبز تاكنون نتوانسته هويت تاريخي خود را همانند گذشته حفظ كرده، به دليل نبود يك برنامه بلندمدت مدون در مسير حفظ و احيا هسته‌هاي تاريخي شهر و هماهنگ با بقيه اجزا خود در مسير توسعه گام بردارد، ضمن اينكه همواره شاهد گريز جمعيت از محله و فرسودگي بيش‌ از حد ابنيه و زوال اين هسته تاريخي در شهر اصفهان هستيم. حفظ ارزش‌هاي ماندگار و تاريخي در محله، روان‌سازي ترافيك و ايجاد وحدت فضايي در مجموعه محله‌، اشتغال‌زايي و بازگرداندن هويت اجتماعي محله جويباره و احيا معابر و گذرهاي تاريخي جهت جذب گردشگر از جمله مهم‌ترين نتايج اين تحقيق به شمار مي‌رود كه از روش ميداني و تحليلي در هسته تاريخي محله جويباره انجام پذيرفته و داراي قابليت بالقوه جذب جمعيت گردشگر است. در اين پژوهش پس از شناخت و بررسي بر روي يك واحد همسايگي در محله به واكاوي يكايك ابنيه و معابر و اجزا تشكيل‌دهنده آن پرداخته شده تا با امكان باز‌زنده‌سازي مطلوب براساس ساختار اجتماعي‌، فرهنگي‌، اقتصادي و جلب مشاركت مردمي بتوان هويت تاريخي محله جويباره را مجدداً محقق كرد و در راستاي يك محله سرزنده، با حفظ هويت تاريخي خود به يك نوسازي پايدار دست يافت.

The structure of historic cities has been formed based on the needs and demands of their citizens within history. Climatic conditions and nature - the type of existing materials - technical abilities - livelihood and the economy - prevailing culture of society and ultimately creativity and innovation of architects and designers, have changed human life in the cities throughout history. The historical texture of the cities is eliminated due to the traditional structure, deterioration of housing, lack of accessibility, poor physical infrastructure and environmental organizations. In line with these fundamental changes in the historical cities and solving problems related to historical texture of these cities, some urban plans as format reconstruction - reconstruction - rehabilitation and revitalization in the economic, cultural, social and physical fields have been provided and completed in different countries. The method of dealing with the historical contexts is resulted from different philosophical perspectives on urban planning. In recent decades, the reduction and elimination of exhaustion of cities and objects of historical context as well as the maintenance and restoration of historical centers and Coordination between new and historical context with emphasizing on social norms and values ??are taken into consideration. Iran holds a rich and extensive history of civilization and culture over the centuries has valuable historical cities. Now in historical cities of Iran, only physical problems such as copycat design is considered and historically valuable urban space optimization not. Isfahan is one of the historical cities of Iran with significant architecture and urban values due to its location and as the capital of the Safavid era. Many critics and historians attributed architecture and urban prosperity in the Iran to Isfahan in the Safavid era. the formation of the city is based on two axes, one is natural and originated from the Zayandeh rod river and other is geometrical and resulted from Naghsh- e jahan square. In the past, composition of the city was based on dividing city into smaller units called localities. Relative self-sufficiency of the localities and organizing their space and communication networks and access roads in the localities of the city in such a way that residents were self-sufficient for their needs. The historical city of Isfahan has experienced many changes in fundamental modern urban developments such as integrated and organic systems with the city road network (Indoor and outdoor) and historical self-sufficient localities have had many developments, such as the Joybareh locality as a core component of historical city of Isfahan. In this locality, despite the implementation of projects, including road-improvement and reconstruction of valuable buildings and green space, it has been unable to maintain its historical identity as well as the past and the lack of a long-term plan formulated in the preservation and restoration of historical cores of this city and in harmony with the rest of its components in the development and always its population abandoned this locality and aging buildings and the historic cores of this city are observed. Preserving steady historical values in the locality, traffic planning and unity in environment in this locality, job opportunities and restore social identity of Joybareh locality and revitalizing historical passages and transitions to attract tourists are the most important results of this research which carried out by field study and analysis in the historic core of Joybareh locality with capability in attracting potential tourists. In this study, after identifying and studying on a neighboring unit in the locality, every building in the neighborhood and components have been addressed to allow desirable regeneration based on social, cultural and economic structures and public participation to realize historical identity of Joybareh locality and in line with a lively neighborhood with preserving its historical identity to achieve a Sustainable modernization.