بررسي تحليلي روش تفسيري صدرالمتالهين

Analytical examination of the Sadr Al-Motaahelinʹʹs interpretive method

تفسير فلسفي ملاصدرا را بايد در درون مكتب اصفهان مورد ارزيابي قرار داد. سنخ نقد او در آثارش از روش هاي تفسيري رايج تا زمان او نشان مي دهد كه وي با ابتنا بر رهيافت فلسفي، آنها را نابسنده مي داند. مي دانيم كه كوشش هاي پژوهشي صورت گرفته درباره مكتب اصفهان بر محور دستاوردهاي عقلي بوده و رويكردهاي حديثي، تفسيري و كلامي آن مورد غفلت واقع شده است. كمتر تحقيقي وجود دارد كه شروح حديثي مانند الرواشح السماويه ميرداماد يا شرح اصول كافي ملاصدرا را بكاود و نقش آنها را در رويكردهاي عقلي آن مكتب بررسي نمايد. روش تفسيري ملاصدرا با نقد مناهج سه گانه رايج آغاز شده و در پرتو نوعي رويكرد زندآگاهانه زباني، به تامل در باب سرشت سخن، زبان وحي، ظاهر و باطن، روش دست يابي به معناي پنهان، ماهيت كلام قدسي، مرآتي معناي آيات، اعتبار ظواهر و ضرورت غور در بواطن، رنجوري روش هاي حديثي و كلامي صرف، تاكيد بر رهيافت فلسفي در تفسير، معيار درستي تفسير با ابتنا بر ضابطه-هاي ده گانه عقلي و نيز كشفي و شهودي و بالاخره تاكيد بر روش تفهيم باطني مي پردازد. در اين مقاله مي كوشيم تا ابتدا ويژگي هاي بنيادين روش تفسيري ملاصدرا را با ايضاح خصلت هاي اساسي مكتب اصفهان شرح داده و سپس نقدهاي وي بر ساير روش هاي تفسيري را بيان كرده و سرانجام روش خاص او را تبيين نماييم.

Molla Sadraʹs philosophical interpretation needs to be evaluated in the Isfahanʹs school. His criticism genre in his works ranging from interpretative method up to his rime indicates that he considers them as indecent on the basis of the philosophical approach. We already understand that the research efforts with regards to the Isfahanʹs school have been centered over intellectual accomplishments and Hadith based, interpretative and discourse approaches have been neglected. There are few researches which search elaboration of Hadiths like Al-Rawasheh Al-Amavye or elaboration of Molla Sadra Usool Kafi and thus examine their roles on intellectual approaches of that school. Molla Sadraʹs interpretive method starts with criticizing the triad Manahej and under t5he light of a linguistic approach deals with thinking about the Speechʹs Nature Chapter, Language of Revelation, Inward and Outward, the way one can attain the latent meaning, nature of Divine discourse, meanings of verses, validity of appearance and necessity of understanding the inwards, emphasis on philosophical approach in interpretation, benchmark for the truthfulness of interpretation based on four fold intellectual criteria and intuitional approaches and finally with emphasis on the esoteric understanding methodologies. In this paper, we make efforts to elaborate the fundamental characteristics of the Molla Sadraʹs interpretative method via explaining fundamental features of the Isfahanʹs school and to express his criticisms of interpretive methods and to explain a social methodology of his. The fact is that the Sadr Al-Motaahelinʹs interpretative method must be named as a philosophical-intellectual method which is based on his spiritual foundation. His Koranic interoperations and thinking which is though Discursive, it is in a strong bond with intellectual intuition and divine inspirations as well as fundamental, approach of an esoteric understanding.