مباني و استلزامات اجتماعي شدنِ انسان در گفتمان اصحاب قرارداد اجتماعي و رهيافت فطرت

The Foundations and Implications of Socialization of Man in the Discourse of the Proponents of Social Contract and Approach of Innate Nature

مقاله پيش رو بر آن است تا نشان دهد كه در يك تصوير كلي، دو سنخ از اجتماعي شدن انسان وجود دارد: اجتماعي شدن مدرنيستي مبتني بر گفتمان اصحاب قرارداد اجتماعي، و اجتماعي شدن منبعث از فطرت الهي. مباني و تضمنات انسان در رويكرد نخست، تمناي امنيت در زيست بومِ ابهام و هراس آلودگي دارد و در انسان رويكرد دوم، به سبب وجود وديعه الهي مابين انسان و خدا، واجد وفاي به عهد و لاجرم، رهاموز محبت و سعادت است؛ زيرا انسانِ رويكرد نخست انساني ذاتاً خودپسند، متفرد و بي اعتنا به پيمان ها و معاهدات، و انسان رهيافت دوم به سبب مفطور بودن به فطرت الهي، مسيول، واجد توانايي حمل ودايع و ذاتاً اجتماعي، و به سبب برخورداري از پيمايش مراتب كمالي، مسرور است.

The present paper seeks through a general picture to show that there are two types of socialization of man: modern socialization which is based on the discourse of the proponents of social contract, and the socialization which is ascribed to divine nature. The foundations and implications of man in the first approach are represented in the desire for security in an environment of ambiguity and fear. In the second approach, because there is a divine covenant between God and man, the foundations and implications involve the fulfillment of the pledge, and inevitably bring love and happiness. According to the first approach, man is inherently selfish, individualistic and breaks the contracts and conventions. According to the second approach, man, because of the nature bestowed on him by God, assumes responsibility, is capable of managing trusts, is inherently social, and finds joy in passing through the stages of perfection.