بازشناسي اصول خانه هاي سنتي يزد در پاسخگويي به نيازهاي اساسي روانشناختي؛ براساس تيوري برخاسته از زمينه

Recognition of Traditional Housing Yazd Principals in Responding to Basic Psychological Needs*

هدف پژوهش، دستيابي به بخشي از دانش كاربردي، براي پاسخگويي به نيازهاي اساسي روانشناختي در معماري امروزي است. محقق از ميان نيازهاي روانشناختي، دو نياز ابراز وجود و احراز وجود را مورد تاكيد قرار داده و سعي كرده با روش «تيوري برخاسته از زمينه»، به شناسايي معيارهاي خانه هاي سنتي يزد در پاسخگويي به اين نيازها بپردازد؛ تا بتواند، ضمن تدوام ارزش هاي معماري گذشته، معيارهاي معماري سازگار با نيازهاي انسان را تبيين كند. داده ها از طريق مصاحبه هاي عميق با ادراك كنندگان محيط بعنوان متخصصاني آشنا با فضاهاي مورد بحث حاصل و با كدگذاري تجزيه و تحليل شدند. يافته ها نشان مي دهند بناهاي سنتي، با ايجاد شرايطي چون«سازماندهي قلمرو شخصي»، «سازماندهي حس تعلق خاطر»، «سازماندهي تمركز درون فردي» و «سازماندهي ارتباطات اجتماعي» به ترتيب زمينه ساز پديده هايي چون 1- آزادي عمل و استقلال فردي، كنترل حريم شخصي و ميزان محرميت؛ 2- پايبندي حسي، خوانايي فضا، هم ذات پنداري با فضا؛ 3- آرامش ذهني، تمركز حواس 4- سلسله مراتب ميزان محرميت، دسته بندي انواع اجتماعات، افزايش اتحاد جمعي، كنترل، تسهيل و تقويت ارتباطات جمعي؛ شده كه پيامدهايي چون«امنيت رواني»، «هويت بخشي»، «خودسازي» و «مشاركت مفيد اجتماعي» داشته است. همچنين، راهكارهاي بكار رفته در پاسخگويي به اين نيازها نيز در طول تحقيق استخراج و ارايه شده است.

The purpose of research conducted which this paper resulted to acquire the applied knowledge to meet the needs of new housing in accordance with the basic psychological needs of the enriched architectural concepts of the past. This study seeks to address the basic needs of the psychological by relying on the fact that traditional architecture always seeks the protection of human existence. We have tried to evaluate the traditional houses of Yazd to meet basic psychological needs consider that including the need to assert themselves the interactions between the individual and the individualʹs presence in interactions, that can by recognition of traditional houses to meet the needs in addition to continuing of the architectural values taking is a step in the creation of sustainable living spaces to the psychological needs of its people, and it is creation of contemporary housing quality and promotion in relation to human. The present study is a qualitative approach based on theory rather than deductive method has been made on background. In this method, the researcher was attended in traditional housing Yazd for a year and a half. In addition, deals with parallel to record personal experiences related to the need to review the current depth interviews with residents of these homes. In addition, had tried to deal with during the interview process, the refinement of traditional houses in the city of Yazd meet the basic needs of their psychological. In this study, the researcher to deep study and the possibility of continuous presence in the studied eight of the traditional house which is now used as a department of art and architecture. After in-depth and free interviews with current residents of the traditional housing Yazd, he analyzes the data obtained with a systematic approach that includes open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The results show that traditional housing Yazd by creating the conditions as: “organization of personal domain”, “organization of fixation”, “organization of the individual focus “and “organization social communications” marshal caused phenomena as: 1- personal elbowroom and independence, personal adytum control and confidentiality matching whit needs 2- sensory dependency, homely space and symmetry whit space.3-mental calmness, concentration for thinking, 4-confidentiality hierarchy , filtering and controlling social relative, categorizing kinds of societies, collective union, facilitate and sustain of collective relations. These had results as “psychical security”, “identity”, “puppyish” and “useful social partnership”. Moreover, the results obtained in this study ,strategies used in traditional housing Yazd architecture to meet the needs of the research has been extracted, and can be used in the fields of design, education of students, and restoration of architectural criticism is also referenced. As well as, this research can be followed as a new research for affirming theories obtained in this paper and since research’s results obtained in a qualitative process, can be evaluated as a new hypothesis in a new study. As well as, since research’s results obtained in a qualitative process, can be evaluated as a new hypothesis in a new study.