ويژگي هاي موضوع علوم انساني و دلالت هاي روش شناسانه و غايت شناسانه آنها

Features of the Subject Matter of the Human Sciences and their Methodological and Teleological Implications

اين نوشتار، با روش توصيفي و تحليلي، در پي تبيين ويژگي هاي موضوع مورد مطالعه علوم انساني يعني كنش هاي انساني، و تعيين دلالت هاي روش شناختي و غايت شناختي آنهاست. وابستگي موضوع مورد مطالعه علوم انساني به آگاهي، اراده، اختيار، نيازها، مقتضيات زماني و مكاني، و ويژگي هاي فرهنگي محققان و همچنين هدفمندي، معناداري، انتزاعي بودن و تاثيرپذيري كنش هاي انساني از پيامدهاي احتمالي، مهم ترين ويژگي هاي موضوع علوم انساني اند. بررسي هاي اين نوشتار نشان مي دهد كه توجه به اين ويژگي ها، موجب مي شود: اولاً به پيچيدگي مطالعه كنش هاي انساني اذعان كنيم؛ ثانيا از انحصار روش علوم انساني در روش تجربي بپرهيزيم و حتي الامكان در بررسي هاي خود از روش هاي مختلفِ كشفِ واقعيت بهره گيريم و ثالثا هدف علوم انساني را در راستاي هدف غايي فعاليت هاي انساني ترسيم كنيم.

The present article uses a descriptive and analytical method to explain the features of the subject matter of the human sciences, that is, human actions, and their methodological and teleological implications. The dependence of the subject matter of the human sciences on awareness, volition, free will, needs, requirements of time and place, and cultural features of the researchers, as well as purposefulness, meaningfulness, abstractness and impressionability of human actions are among the most important features of the subject matter of the human sciences. The investigations of this paper show that paying attention to those features leads us to: (a) acknowledge the complexities of studying human actions; (b) avoid restricting the methods of the human sciences to empirical method, using various methods of discovering truth in our investigations; and (c) depict the goal of the human sciences in accordance with the ultimate goal of human activities.