مسيوليت مدني قاضي و مبناي قرآني و روايي آن

Civil liability of judges and the basis of Quran and traditions

در گزينش قضات معمولاً شرايط و ويژگي‌هاي خاصي در نظر گرفته شده، و سخت‌گيري‌هاي زيادي مبذول مي‌گردد. با اين وجود قضات نيز از جنس بشر بوده و خطا و تقصير در عمل آن‌ها امري پذيرفتني است و چه بسا در اثر عمل آن‌ها ممكن است خسارت جبران ناپذيري به بار آيد. قانونگذار به صراحت در اصل 171 قانون اساسي مسيوليت شخصي قضات را اعلام و به دنبال آن در قوانين ديگر، از جمله ماده 58 قانون مجازات اسلامي تقريباً مفاد اصلي مذكور را تكرار نموده است. در اين مقاله ضمن بررسي انواع خسارت ناشي از آرا قاضي به چگونگي جبران خسارت ناشي و مباني قرآني و روايي از اين آرا پرداخته شده است.

Despite the conditions and strict regulations governing verdicts issued by judges, there is the possibility of mistakes, misunderstanding and errors from them and subsequently causing damages to the parties. The personal responsibility of judges has been expressed in principle 171 of Iranian Constitution and in other laws such as Article 58 of the Islamic penal code. If the judge, who caused damages by its wrong judgment, is at fault, he has the personal responsibility for damages, and recovery for damages against him can be claimed through the disciplinary court of Judges. But if there is no fault on behalf of the judge, the responsibility for damages is on the government. This article is mainly concerns with base and origin of the responsibility of judges in case of erroneous judgments in Quran and tradition. Furthermore the various types of damages arisen from a mistaken judgment and the legal procedure for recovery of damages shall be studied.