بررسي اثر ميدان مغناطيسي بر رشد و عملكرد نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) در شرايط آب و هوايي مشهد

Evaluating the Magnetic Field effects on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under Mashhad Climatic Conditions

به‌منظور بررسی اثر میدان مغناطیسی بر روی نحوه رشد و تولید ماده خشك كل در نخود، آزمایشی به‌صورت كرت‌های نواری با سه‌تكرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشكده كشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی‌ مشهد در سال 1392‌ اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل: 1- بذر در سه‌سطح (عادی، تیمار‌شده در میدان مغناطیس با شدت‌های 100 و 150میلی‌تسلا هر یك به‌مدت 2‌ساعت)، 2- آب آبیاری در 2‌سطح (عادی و تیمار‌شده در میدان مغناطیسی با شدت 650‌میلی‌تسلا) بود. نتایج این آزمایش نشان‌داد كه قرار‌دادن بذر در میدان مغناطیسی موجب افزایش معنی‌دار ماده خشك به‌میزان 26‌درصد نسبت به بذور عادی شد. شدت میدان مغناطیسی نیز تأثیر معنی‌داری بر ماده ‌خشك تولیدی داشت و میدان 150‌میلی‌تسلا نسبت به میدان 100‌میلی‌تسلا موجب افزایش 18‌درصدی (01/0 P≤) ماده خشك شد. آب ‌مغناطیسی، حدود 25‌درصد نسبت به آب‌ معمولی میزان ماده خشك تولیدی نخود را افزایش‌داد. اختلاف تیمارها با هم در اواخر فصل رشد و در 80‌روز و 96‌روز بعد از كاشت بیش‌تر‌ین مقدار (به‌ترتیب 201 و 207‌گرم بر متر مربع ) بود. هم‌چنین اعمال میدان مغناطیسی بر روی آب ‌آبیاری و بذر نخود به‌ترتیب منجر‌به افزایش 27 و 19‌درصد عملكرد دانه شد. اثرات متقابل تیمارها نشان‌داد كه اعمال میدان مغناطیس در آب آبیاری و بذر نخود سبب افزایش 31‌درصد عملكرد دانه شد. اما بر روی تولید ماده خشك نخود تأثیر مثبت نداشت.

<strong > Introduction </strong > Effect of magnetic fields is now the subject of an increasingly large research effort because it is known to induce biochemical changes in plant species. In physic science, it is well established that by passing water through a magnetic device, the water can be influenced. On the other hand, the literature review in physical science in different country indicated also that magnetized water induced a change in water physicochemical properties such as conductivity, surface tension, viscosity, vaporization rate, and pH. The magnetic properties of the cells determine their capability in order to absorb and transfer the magnetic energy to other types of energy, transferring these energies within the plant. Therefore, this technology was used in different countries which all reported the successful use of magnets in treating water for irrigation use. Magnetic fields on seeds lead to better germination rate and plant growth than chemical fertilizers. Magnetic fields have been to apply a stimulus effect on growth and germination and on crop yield. <strong > Materials and Methods </strong > In order to study the effect of magnetic field on growth and total dry matter of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an strip plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted at the Agronomy Research Field of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad ( Lat 36˚15 ' N, Long 59˚28 ' E; 985 m Altitude) during 2013-2014. The first treatment was the exposure of seed to magnetic field in three levels (normal, 100 and 150 mT magnetic field with 120 minutes durations).The magnetic field exert by a device consists of two magnets and the two opposite poles of two magnets that attract each other. Moreover, the intensity of magnetic field changed by adjusting the distance between the poles. It was measured by using a micrometer Tesla meter Leybold- Heraeus51652. The second treatment consisted of water irrigation types as two levels (normal water and magnetized water with 650 mT). Magnetized water was produced by a commercial magnet namely AQUA CORRECT with (650Gauss magnetic field. All data were analyzed by Sigmaplot and Excel and treatments were separated using Fisher’s protected LSD Test. All statements of significance were based on probability of (P <0.01). <strong > Results and Discussion </strong > Results of this experiment showed that dry matter of chickpea increased by 26 percent in comparison to normal seeds at 150 mT magnetic field with 120 min exposure duration (p ≤ 0.01). Besides dry matter of chickpea being under different conditions were not same. So that in magnetic irrigation treatment with time passing produced dry matter of chickpea increased by 25 percent and in sampling on 80 and 96 days after planting, the difference of produced dry matter was in higher level than normal irrigation treatment. Treatment of magnetized irrigation affected chickpea dry matter (p≤0.01). Chickpea dry matter increased by 25 percent in magnetized water irrigation with time passing. Dry matter came to its highest level at 80 and 90 days after planting in comparison with normal irrigation at 150 mT magnetic field. In addition, the use of magnetic field on irrigation and seed caused the seed yield of chickpea increases about 27% and 19%, respectively. Interaction effects of seed and irrigation magnetic caused to increase the seed yield of chickpea about 31 %.