تداخل اسباب ديه در فقه اماميّه

Interaction of Causes of Blood Money

در مواردي كه جنايت عمدي نباشد، ديه اصالت داشته و بدل از قصاص نيست. ممكن است با يك يا چند جنايت آسيب هاي بدني متعددي، كه هر كدام ديه يا ارش دارند، به مجني عليه وارد شده و گاه منتهي به مرگ او هم بشود. سوال مهمي كه در چنين مواردي وجود دارد اين است كه آيا عامل ورود اين صدمات جسماني، بايد مجموع ديه آنها را بپردازد (نظريه عدم تداخل) و يا پرداخت بيشترين ديه، برايت ذمه وي را به دنبال خواهد داشت (نظريه تداخل). چنان چه آسيب هاي جسمي متعدد از ضربه واحد ناشي شده و به مرگ مجني عليه منجر شود، به اتفاق نظر فقيهان، ديه اطراف و منافع در ديه نفس تداخل مي كند. در صورتي كه اين وضع با ضربات متعدد و متوالي اتفاق بيفتد تداخل همه ديات در ديه نفس، ارجح به نظر مي رسد. همچنان كه اگر ضربات متعدد با فاصله زماني و بهبودي جراحت در فاصله بين آنها همراه باشد ديدگاه عدم تداخل ترجيح دارد. در فرض عدم بهبودي جراحات در فواصل بين جنايات و وقوع مرگ، فاصله زماني و استناد عرفي قتل به ضربات، تعيين كننده تداخل يا عدم تداخل خواهد بود. در كليه موارد در صورت شك، اصل مرجع، اصل عدم تداخل است.

If the Felony commits deliberately, blood money is the principal punishment rather than an alternative punishment for qisas. There are even cases in which two or more injuries are inflicted on the victim, which may sometimes lead to the death of the victim, and each of them is subject to a different amount of blood money. The important question regarding such cases is if the sum of such amounts should be paid as blood money (Non-Interaction Theory) or payment of the largest of such amounts releases the perpetrator of liability for blood money (Interaction Theory). Jurists consensually believe that when several bodily harms have been caused by one single strike and such harms have led to the death of victim, blood money of members and profits overlap with blood money for death. If this situation happen by numerous consecutive strikes, interaction prevails over. Of course, if numerous strikes inter with time space and well- being between them, non- interaction theory prevails over. In this case custom invocation homicide to strikes appoint interaction or non- interaction. In all of cases in doubt non- interaction is a principle. If the Felony commits deliberately, blood money is the principal punishment rather than an alternative punishment for qisas. There are even cases in which two or more injuries are inflicted on the victim, which may sometimes lead to the death of the victim, and each of them is subject to a different amount of blood money. The important question regarding such cases is if the sum of such amounts should be paid as blood money (Non-Interaction Theory) or payment of the largest of such amounts releases the perpetrator of liability for blood money (Interaction Theory). jurists consensually believe that when several bodily harms have been caused by one single strike and such harms have led to the death of victim, blood money of members and profits overlap with blood money for death. If this situation happen by numerous consecutive strikes, interaction prevails over. Of course, if numerous strikes inter with time space and well- being between them, non- interaction theory prevails over. In this case custom invocation homicide to strikes appoint interaction or non- interaction. In all of cases in doubt non- interaction is a principle.