تزيينات وابسته به معماري امام‌زاده‌هاي شهرستان دماوند استان تهران

Architectural decorations Holy shrine city of Damavand ,Tehran province. (Case Study: Emamzadeh Shamseddin Mohammad (PBUH), Damavand

تزيينات به كار رفته در امام‌زاده‌ها، يكي از بارزترين جلوه‌هاي فرهنگ اسلامي و نمايشگر گوياي فضاي معنوي است. در اين پژوهش، ابتدا به مطالب پايه در خصوص بناهاي مذهبي و انواع تزيينات در ايران و رشته‌هاي صنايع دستي پرداخته شده است. سپس تزيينات وابسته به معماري امام‌زاده‌هاي شهرستان دماوند دسته‌بندي شد (7 دسته) و كليه تزيينات هريك از امام‌زاده‌ها در جدولي آورده شده است و به عنوان نمونه تزيينات امام‌زاده شمس‌الدين محمد (ع) بررسي گرديد. روش انجام تحقيق بر مبناي ماهيت توصيفي- تحليلي بوده است و گردآوري اطلاعات به صورت تركيبي (كتابخانه‌اي و ميداني) صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماري كه در اين پژوهش مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است، 39 امام‌زاده حوزه عملكرد اداره اوقاف و امور خيريه شهرستان دماوند استان تهران است. روش نمونه‌گيري به شكل غيرتصادفي (انتخابي) و تعداد نمونه، كليه تزيينات امام‌زاده شمس‌الدين محمد (ع) است و روش تجزيه و تحليل اطلاعات نيز كيفي و كمي است. اين امام‌زاده، در جايگاه دوم تنوع تزيينات بعد از امام‌زاده هاشم (ع) قرار دارد. دستاوردهاي مقاله نشان مي‌دهد كه تزيينات وابسته به معماري امام‌زاده‌ها، ضمن ارايه زيبايي‌هاي كالبدي، تجلي نگرش‌هاي مذهبي و آييني تشيع بوده و زيبايي‌هاي كالبدي و فراكالبدي، منجر به قداست مكان معماري در نزد مردم مسلمان منطقه در ادوار تاريخي تا عصر حاضر شده است.

The used ornaments in Holy shrines is considered as one of the clearest manifestations of Islamic culture and represents the spiritual space. The research method has been conducted based on descriptive- analytical nature and data gathering method has been utilized in terms of synthetic(Library and field). The statistical population which has been applied in this research, is consisted of 39 Holy shrines in the scope of Endowment and Charity affairs city of Damavand in Tehran province. The sampling method is based on the form of non-random(Optional) and the sample number is related to all decorations(Ornaments) of Emamzadeh Shamseddin Mohammad (PBUH) and the data analysis method is in terms of qualitative and quantitative . This research at first has been paid the basics of religious buildings and variety of ornaments and other handicrafts fields in Iran and then the decorations related to architecture of Holy shrines city of Damavand were categorized (7 categories) and all decorations each one of Holy shrines are shown in a table and was investigated as the decorations sample of Emamzadeh Shamseddin Mohammad (PBUH).This Holy shrine is located in second place after the decorations diversity of Emamzadeh Hashem (AS). The paper achievements show that the decorations related to architecture of Holy shrines in addition to the physical beauty was represented of the manifestation of religious attitudes and Shia ritual and physical beauty and meta-physical beauty leads to the architecture sacred place by the region Muslim people in historical periods until the present time. Crafts order of priority fields of architectural Holy shrine city of Damavand is as follows: 1) Metal Handicraft 38%, 2) Iranian traditional architecture% 14, 3) The craft mad 13%, 4) Wooden Handicraft % 13, 5) Fine craft 11%)Handicraft architectural 7%), 7) Pottery 4%. Apart from historical ، architectural ornaments Shrine values and religious values are Especially inscriptions with Islamic tradition. Relationship and direct link between appearance and reality Holy shrine in Damavand city. The architect to create a sense of unity in a variety of architectural and decorative elements, trying to maintain calm and spiritual atmosphere in Holy shrines in Damavand .Muslim architects shrine, in outer space with decorations in the upper part of the monument, the Rok Dome audience to understand. And since the ascension into heaven, the Rok Dome is quite evident. The move also entails a sense of calling. According to studies carried out on the hanging Holy shrines Overview Damavand city following results were obtained: Exterior and interior decorations of Holy shrine in Damavand city is divided into two categories, one related decorations and other decorations materials related to the fields of crafts. Related to architectural decoration materials in various forms Damavand Holy shrine exterior masonry, tiling, brickwork and stone masonry and brickwork stucco decorations is the most prominent. Decorations crafts related to the fields of Damavand Holy shrines exterior architectural tiling, wood and metal mesh.Related to architectural decoration materials in various forms Damavand Holy shrines Inside, stone mosaic, tile, plaster stucco decorations is the most prominent.