ارزيابي اثرات ميدان مغناطيسي بر جوانه‌زني بذر نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)

Effect of magnetic field on germination of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

به‌منظور بررسی اثر میدان ‌مغناطیسی با شدت و زمان‌های مختلف قرارگیری بر روی برخی از صفات جوانه‌زنی بذر نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) رقم ILC482، آزمایشی در سال 1392در آزمایشگاه تحقیقات عالی دانشكده كشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، در قالب طرح كاملاً تصادفی با سه‌تكرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای این مطالعه عبارت‌بودند از: شدت میدان مغناطیس در دو سطح (100 و 150‌میلی‌تسلا) و زمان قرارگیری در معرض میدان مغناطیس در 5‌سطح ( 1، 2، 3، 4 و 5‌ساعت) و تیمار شاهد نیز بدون اعمال میدان مغناطیسی در آزمایش درنظرگرفته شد. نتایج نشان‌داد كه میدان مغناطیسی به‌طور معنی‌داری بر جوانه‌زنی نخود تأثیر‌گذار بود. بذوری‌كه در معرض میدان 100‌میلی‌تسلا به‌مدت دوساعت قرار گرفتند، بیشترین میزان طول ریشه‌چه را داشتند، به‌طوری‌كه طول ریشه‌چه نسبت به تیمار شاهد (33/6‌سانتی‌متر) 33‌درصد افزایش یافت. در تیمار میدان مغناطیسی با شدت 150میلی‌تسلا و به‌مدت 5ساعت، میزان طول ریشه‌چه نسبت به تیمار شاهد، 30درصد افزایش نشان داد. طول ساقه‌چه بذور نخود در تیمار اعمال دوساعت میدان مغناطیسی 100میلی‌تسلا نسبت به تیمار شاهد (67/1‌سانتی‌متر) و در تیمار اعمال 5ساعت میدان مغناطیسی150میلی‌تسلا به‌میزان 9/46درصد افزایش یافت. بیشترین میزان وزن خشك ریشه‌چه در تیمار 2ساعت زمان میدان مغناطیسی150میلی‌تسلا بود كه نسبت به تیمار شاهد 9/51درصد افزایش نشان داد. در تیمار اعمال 5ساعت میدان مغناطیسی شدت 150میلی‌تسلا 46درصد وزن خشك ساقه‌چه نخود نسبت به تیمار شاهد بیش‌تر بود و همچون سایر صفات مورد ‌اندازه‌گیری، تیمار ذكر‌شده بیشینه وزن خشك ساقه‌چه نخود را به‌خود اختصاص داد؛ اما وزن خشك بقایای بذر در اثر میدان مغناطیسی كاهش یافت. از آنجا‌ كه میدان مغناطیسی سبب بهبود رشد گیاهچه می‌شود، در نتیجه تخلیه مواد‌غذایی سازنده بذر، سریع‌تر و بهتر صورت می‌گیرد و لذا منجر به سریع‌شدن دوره رشد در زمان جوانه‌زنی بذر نخود در شرایط آزمایشگاهی خواهد شد.

Introduction Proteins are one of the basic and essential required compounds for life, and the creatures receive it either from a plant or animal origin. It has been reported that the positive effects caused by applying the magnetic field are due to the paramagnetic properties of the cells within the plant, and pigments such as the Chloroplast. Biophysical methods (magnetic fields, electricity, etc.) could improve the growth of plants with high energy rates. These methods, improve the energy levels independent from their source, and increase the electric potential of the cell membrane. Stimulating physical methods do not affect the physiological traits of the plant controlled by the genetic systems. In order to study the effect of intensity and duration of magnetic field on some properties of seed germination of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar ILC482 an experiment was conducted in Advanced Research Laboratory of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The goal of the experiment was to determine the possibility of improving the germination and vigor of the chickpea seed by using various intensities and durations of a magnetic field. Materials & Methods The experiment included magnetic field intensities (100 and 150 mT magnetic field), five exposure duration (60, 120, 180, 240 and 350 min) and control. After preparing the seeds, 40 seeds were placed in a transparent plastic bag between the magnetic poles in order to apply the magnetic field. For applying the magnetic field, the magnetic generator was used made up from two strong, constant magnets which the opposite poles faced one another, and the field intensity was changed by changing the distance between them. The seeds with a root length of over 2 millimeters were recorded as germinated. At the end of the test (day 10), the shoot and root lengths, seed, root, and shoot fresh weights were measured and recorded. The statistical tests were done via the MSTAT-C and SIGMAPLOT 12 software, and the EXCEL 2007 also was used in drawing the charts. Duncan 's multiple range tests was used to compare means. All statements of significance were based on probability of P <0.05. Results & Discussion Results indicated that the highest root length was found in the 100 mT magnetic field with 120 min exposure duration and root length was increased by 33 percent in comparison to control (6.33 cm). Root length was increased by 30 percent in comparison to control in 150 mT treatment with 350 min of time. Shoot length was increased by 46.9 percent in comparison to control (1.67 cm) in 150 mT + 350 min of time treatment. Also the highest dry matter of root in the treatment of 150 mT +120 min magnetic field was increased by 51.9 percent in comparison to control. Dry matter of shoot in 150 mT with 350 min exposure duration was increased by 46 percent, while dry matter of seeds was reduced. Since the magnetic field improves plant growth, As a result, food manufacturer depletion drills done faster and better, the growth of pea seed germination will be faster in vitro. Increased germination of the tomato seed (Licopersicon esculentum L.) was observed by using a short pretreatment with electrical and magnetic fields. The magnetic properties of the cells determine their capability in order to absorb and transfer the magnetic energy to other types of energy, transferring these energies within the plant. Conclusion Based on the results from this study, the magnetic field had a significant effect on the chickpea germination properties. When the seeds were exposed to various magnetic fields, most of their germination properties increased, an increase in different intensities, compared to the control. It could be said that using a magnetic field is an appropriate method in order to improve the crop growth against the weeds, and it could be used as a useful management technique which has no polluting side effects.