پژوهشي براي معرفي جلد اول گلچين اسكندر سلطان813 ه.ق

Study for Introduce and Review of the First Volume Anthology of Sultan Iskandar 813 AH

آثار متعددي در طول تاريخ در مكاتب هنري ايران پديد آمد كه قسمت عمده اين آثار در قالب كتب و گلچين ادبي مي‌باشند. برخي از نفيس‌ترين اين نسخ بنا به دلايل متفاوت از ايران خارج‌شده و در موزه‌ها و بنيادهاي هنري ديگر كشورها نگهداري مي‌گردند كه همين امر باعث گرديده كمتر اين آثار موردپژوهش و مطالعه محققان داخلي قرار گيرند. هدف از نگارش اين مقاله، معرفي و بررسي جلد اول گلچين اسكندر سلطان813ه.ق است كه با رويكردي تحليلي - توصيفي به جستجوي صفات و ويژگي‌هاي تصويري آن مي‌پردازد. گلچين اسكندر سلطان كه امروزه در موزه بنياد گلبنكيان در ليسبن پرتغال نگهداري مي‌شود، در سال 813 ه.ق در دو جلد به دستور اسكندر سلطان در زمان تيموريان نگاشته شده است. كاتب آن محمود بن مرتضي الحسني هست. جلد اول اين نسخه داراي بيست‌وسه نگاره و شامل اشعار شاعراني نظير: نظامي گنجوي، مولاناي رومي و عطار نيشابوري مي‌باشد. گلچين از دو قسمت حاشيه‌نويسي و متن مركزي تشكيل‌شده است. كادرهاي مثلثي كوچكي در اطراف كتاب براي تزيين ترسيم‌شده است. درون اين مثلث‌هاي كوچك نقوش حيوانات و گل‌ها و انواع اسليمي‌ها كشيده شده است. فضاي حاكم بر نگاره‌ها فضاي روايتگري مي‌باشد.

Several works in the history of Iranian art movements emerged in most of the works in the form of books and their anthology. Some of the most precious manuscripts of different reasons left Iran and museums Foundation Art and other countries Grddnd maintained that this has been less studied works and researchers are internal. Anthology of Iskandar Sultan has been written in two volumes during the Timurid in 813 AD. The first volume comprising twenty three depictions and the latter has eleven ones. Mahmoud ben Murtaza Al-Hassani was the writer of that. The identification of projective features and investigation of color and decorative motifs of this anthology are the subject of current study. Hence, the paintings either have been investigated with looking at the history of Shiraz school, or descriptive and analytical method. Collecting of information was carried out through the spatial data library. The qualitative tool was employed in terms of collection, text reading, viewing images and the method of analyzing. The first volume consists of poems of poets such as Nizami Ganjavi, Jalal Al-Din Mullani Rumi, Attar Neyshabouri and Saadi. The second volume of book is about the history of the Prophets, Sultans and Kings. The anthology has been consisted of two parts including annotations and central text. The begging of anthology has been painted with Arabesque motifs and spatial layout in the middle of the golden and blue colors. Page layout and the arrangement way of contents are situated in italics on the margin of first volume with titles in the diagonal golden box and horizontally in the vertical frames in the central box. The second volume is devoid of columniation and the margin has been written in italics. The paintings of animals and flowers and the variety of arabesques have been drawn in the inside of these small triangles which are including drawings of animals such as Deer, Ducks being swimming and flying, small Birds, Rabbits, and the head of Lion. The governing ambiance of the paintings is the narrative style. The paintings have been vertically embedded on the side of the page, half-page, full-page and two facing pages in the anthology. The paintings of this anthology demonstrates the painting sophistication of Shiraz school. And, there is no doubt that the artists of Jalayeri Tabriz School were contributed in its production. Some of this volume’s painting related to the border text and others related to main text of the page, miniature is one of the oldest school of Iran. Shiraz painters and artist were less effected by foreign art than Tabriz school and other school of that particular time, they illustrator amazing painting of Iranian literature’s stories. Using light colors, clouds meander, perfect landscape and drawing rocks in the shape of indentation were the most characteristics of the anthology’s miniatures. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and review of the first volume Anthology of Sultan Iskandar 813 AH. An analytical approach to explore the characteristics and technical features and picture it.