بررسي كارايي مديريت تلفيقي علف‌هاي هرز با استفاده ازمالچ و علف‌كش در چغندرقند

Investigating of Integrated Weed Management by Using mulches and herbicides On Sugar Beet

ببه منظور بررسي نقش مالچ و علف‌كش بر كنترل علف‌هاي هرز در چغندرقند، آزمايشي در قالب طرح اسپليت پلات در زمان در سه تكرار در مزرعه نمونه آستان قدس رضوي مشهد در سال زراعي 1391 به اجرا درآمد. تيمارهاي آزمايش شامل:1 مالچ پلاستيك روشن، 2 مالچ ورق متالايزر، 3 دز توصيه‌شده علف‌كش (دس مديفام چهار ليتر در هكتار در تركيب با يك ليتر هالوكسي فوپآرمتيل يك ليتر در هكتار )، 4 نصف دز توصيه‌شده علف‌كش (دس مديفام دو ليتر در هكتار در تركيب با 0/5 ليتر هالوكسي فوپآرمتيل در هكتار)، 5 تركيب مالچ پلاستيك روشن و دز توصيه‌شده، 6 تركيب مالچ پلاستيك روشن و نصف دز توصيه‌شده،7 تركيب ورق متالايزر و دز توصيه‌شده، 8 مالچ ورق متالايزر و نصف دز توصيه‌شده،9 شاهد با علف‌هرز و 10 وجين كامل بود. نتايج نشان داد تيمارهاي مالچ ورق متالايزر و پلاستيك روشن و تركيب‌ آنها با دز توصيه‌شده و نصف دز توصيه‌شده علف‌كش به خوبي صفات تعداد و وزن خشك علف‌هرز را به ترتيب از 40 و 60 روز پس از كاشت كاهش و وزن خشك چغندرقند را از 60 روز پس از كاشت افزايش دادند. اين تأثير موجب افزايش عملكرد ريشه چغندرقند شد به‌طوري كه در مواردي اثرات آن شبيه اثر تيمار وجين كامل بود. در مجموع با در نظرگرفتن دو عامل هزينه و اعمال كمترين خسارت بر محيط زيست، كاربرد مالچ ورق متالايزر و يا تركيب آن با دز توصيه‌شده علف‌كش كه كاربرد علف‌كش را محدود بر روي رديف كاشت مي نمايد در شرايط اين تحقيق بهترين تيمار بود.

This study aimed at determining the effect of domestic synthesized polymer on germination and growth of sugar beet seedling in laboratory, greenhouse, and field. The study was conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replications at Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Karaj, Iran in 20102012. The treatments were uncoated (control) and coated seed with foreign polymer, and also seven domestic polymer doses (0.53.5 g/100 g seeds). The viability, leaflet and rootlet dry weight were measured in the laboratory, vigor was measured in the greenhouse, and germination rate together with quantitative and qualitative traits were measured in the field. To determine the effect of polymer coating on seed deterioration and germination rate, sampling was performed for seven times. For seed vigor, sampling was performed up to 541 days after coating for six times. No significant difference was observed among the studied treatments for seed germination rate, abnormal germination percentage in the laboratory and seed vigor in the greenhouse. However, polymer coating had significant (Plt;0.01) effect on leaflet and rootlet dry weights so that the highest rootlet dry weight (4.306 g) was obtained in 0.5 g/100 g seeds treatment compared to the uncoated seed with 3.741 g. The highest leaflet dry weight (1.2584.463 g) was observed in uncoated seed, and coated seed with domestic and foreign polymers with 0.51.0 g/100 g seeds ratio. Seed deterioration showed that 141 days after seed processing, germination rate was significantly (Plt;0.01) decreased and abnormal germination percentage was increased (Plt;0.01). Nevertheless, these changes were similar for uncoated seeds and coated seeds with polymer. The effect of time on seed vigor was significant (Plt;0.01) and the highest seed vigor percentage (33.3679.81) was found in domestic synthesized polymer with 1.01.5 g/100 g seeds. The lack of the significant influence of the studied treatments on plant density, before and after thinning and also at harvest, show that seed coating had no influence on plant establishment in the field. Based on the field results, it is recommended to apply domestic polymer for seed coating to not only maintain crop performance but also to manage the cost. The results of this study showed that application of domestic synthesized polymer at the rate of 1.01.5 g/100 g seeds is suitable for the increase of seed vigor in seed processing.