رابطه زبان و واقعيت از منظر وينگنشتاين متأخر با توجه به تفسير ايلهام ديلمن

Reality and Language in the Later Wittgenstein With Regard to the Views of Ilham Dilman

نگاه اجتماعي به زبان و پررنگ كردن نقش جامعه در شكل‌گيري معنا از زمره‌ي مواردي است كه از اهميت ويتگنشتاين در علوم اجتماعي و فلسفه‌ي آن پرده برمي­دارد. از منظر وي نوع زباني كه در جامعه‌ي ما بسط مي‌يابد نوع مواجهه‌اي را كه ما، يعني سوژه­هاي تجربي، به‌مثابه اعضاي اين جامعه با امور مختلف داريم تعيين مي‌كند. در اين نوشتار مي­كوشم كه پرسش­هاي بنياديني را در فلسفه‌ي علوم اجتماعي از منظر ويتگنشتاين متأخر به بحث گذارم: آيا واقعيت اجتماعي و يا به‌طور كلي واقعيت، امري زباني و به‌عبارتي ساخته‌وپرداخته‌ي جامعه است؟ آيا جداي از سوژه­هاي تجربي واقعيتي عيني وجود دارد؟ اساسا معيار تفكيك واقعي و غيرواقعي كدام است؟ از آن‌جا كه فلسفه‌ي ويتگنشتاين متأخر گرفتار تفاسير متفاوت و گاه متعارض است، پاسخ اين پرسش­ها را باتوجه به تفسير ايلهام ديلمن، از شارحان برجسته‌ي ويتگنشتاين پي‌مي گيرم.

Social view of language and intensifying the role of society to form meaning is among the issues which unveil the importance of Wittgensteins thoughts in social sciences and his philosophy. In his opinion, the nature of the language, that is being expanded in society, will determine how we, i.e. empirical subjects, encounter different matters and deal with them as social actors. In this paper, I will try to investigate some of the essential questions in philosophy of social sciences from the viewpoint of the later Wittgenstein. Is social reality or reality in general, based on language and, in other words, is it being structured and shaped by society? Is there any reality, apart from empirical subjects, independently? Basically, what are the criteria to distinguish "real" from "unreal"? These are the questions that I I aim to address in this paper. Since philosophy of the later Wittgenstein is clouded with various interpretations, in parts even contradictory explanations, I will continue to provide answers to these questions with regard to the views of Ilham Dilman, one of the greatest interpreters of Wittgenstein.