چارچوب موفقيت چندسطحي در پروژه‌هاي مشاركت بخش عمومي ـ خصوصي

Framework of Multi-Level Success at Public – Private Partnership Projects

استفاده از PPP در سال‌هاي اخير براي توسعه زيرساخت ها در كشورهاي مختلف از جمله ايران با رشد چشم‌گيري روبه‌رو بوده است. قضاوت درباره موفقيت (معيارهاي موفقيت) و افزايش احتمال موفقيت (عوامل موفقيت) اين پروژه‌ها مواردي هستند كه در اين مقاله به آنها پرداخته شده است. بررسي نتايج تحقيقات اخير نشان مي دهد كه به علت عدم توجه كافي به بستر سرمايه‌‌گذاري، اين تحقيقات نمي توانند موفقيت پروژه‌هاي PPP/BOT را به‌صورت جامعي ارزيابي كنند. نويسندگان اين مقاله عقيده دارند، موفقيت پروژه‌هاي PPP/BOT با بهره‌گيري از نگرش چندسطحي مي تواند به درستي درك شده و پديده موفقيت در آنها مي تواند به‌صورت جامع مورد تحليل قرار گيرد. به اين ترتيب نويسندگان با انتخاب روش تحقيق تحليل محتواي كيفي پژوهش‌هاي قبلي PPP/BOT اقدام به معرفي چارچوب جامع موفقيت به‌صورت چندسطحي نمودند. چارچوب معرفي شده شامل معيارها و عوامل موفقيت در سطح پروژه، سطح صنعت و سطح ملي است.

Nowadays, using Public Private Partnership (PPP) has increased in many countries. Many infrastructure projects have been developed with PPP worldwide by utilizing BOT-type arrangements. Also, in Iran, many infrastructures have been developed in power electricity generation, water and wastewater, transportation, telecom, etc., by BOT-type contracts. Now, two questions about the success of these projects are raised: “Are these projects successful (what are the success criteria)?” and “How can we increase the probability of successful implementation of them (what are the success factors)?”. The investigations of the recent studies have shown that they could not assess the success of PPP/BOT projects properly. In previous researches, the phenomenon of “investment context” to some extent has been ignored. Using an innovative approach, we believe that the success of phenomenon at PPP/BOT must be considered comprehensively by concentration on “investment context”. Multi-level research paradigm has proper potentials to reach this concentration. Our objectives in this manuscript are to introduce the success framework of PPP/BOT at comprehensive format. Using qualitative content analysis as the research methodology in the previous PPP/BOT researches, we introduce the new framework of success criteria and factors for PPP/BOT projects at multi-level. This framework encompasses three levels of success criteria and factors at PPP/BOT project level, at industry level (i.e., power, water, transportation, telecom, hospital, education, etc.), and at national PPP/BOT program level. Therefore, “VFM/efficiency of project”, “profitability”, and “legal framework” are success criteria. In addition, “realignment of public mindset”, “anti-collusion and corruption regulations”, “proper risk management”, “increasing of capabilities”, “proper stakeholder management”, “proper project selection”, “proper financial engineering”, “proper tendering system”, “competition”, and “proper partnership” are the success factors at project level. “VFM/efficiency of industry” and “increasing the quality of services” are success criteria; “policy development”, standardization”, “support”, “education and culture” are success factors at industry level. In addition, “increasing VFM for taxpayers”, “efficiency of economy”, and “percentage of privately financing” are success criteria; “policy development”, “proper national laws”, “accountability and commitment”, “economic stability and business-friendly environment”, “financial and capital market availability”, and “good governance” are success factors at national level.