تأثير تحولات نهادهاي اجتماعي بر اِمكان دولت قانونمند در ايران

The Possibility of Rule of Law in Iranwith Emphasis on Evolution of Social Institutions

نهادهاي اجتماعي خانواده، دين، آموزش، اقتصاد و سياست ماهيت سيّال و شناور داشته و در نتيجه قابليت تغيير دارند. از آنجا كه تحول در يك نهاد، مي‏تواند ساير نهادهاي اجتماعي را نيز متاثر سازد، ازاين رو، بررسي رابطه معنادار بين تحول نهادهاي اجتماعي و شكل گيري دولت قانونمند، يكي از نقاط تلاقي جامعه­شناسي و حقوق عمومي و مستند ميان­رشته­اي بودن ايده اين مقاله است. زيرا حقوق عمومي، نظام حقوقيِ ناظر بر دولت است و جامعه­شناسي­حقوق عمومي عهده دار تبيين نظريه درخصوص تاثير و تأثّر نهادهاي اجتماعي و شكل گيري نظريه دولت است. ازاين رو، موضوع اين مقاله (دولت) در گسترۀ حقوق عمومي و منظر تحليل آن (نهادهاي اجتماعي) از دريچۀ جامعه‌شناسي است. اين مقاله از نظر شيوه گردآوري داده ها، كتابخانه اي و از حيث روش توصيفي ­تحليلي است. زيرا به‌دليل محدوديت هاي ناشي از دسترسي به آمار رسمي و انجام سنجش ميداني در مقياس سرشماري، با استفاده از روش «تحليل ثانويه اطلاعات موجود»، به مثابۀ دانش زمينه اي، به توصيف و تحليلِ تحولات نهادهاي اجتماعي پرداخته و با بهره­گيري از آموزه هاي حقوقي به مفهوم‌شناسي دولت قانونمند و نهايتاً استنتاج نظريه، درخصوص كنش متقابلِ پوياي نهادهاي اجتماعي و دولت اقدام كرده ايم. براين اساس، در اين مقاله درپي فهم مسائل ايران و تحليل بخشي از فرآيند تشكيل دولت قانونمند در ايران معاصر هستيم. از اين‌رو، اين نوشته را مي توان ذيل مطالعات ايران پژوهي نيز دسته بندي كرد.

Purpose: It is the purpose of this article to investigate reasons and types of the evolution of institutions. Social institutions, "Family", "Religion", "Education", "Economy" and "Politics", have fluid nature and therefore have ability to discourse evolution. The changing institution can affect other social institutions. Five basic social institutions can affect law, and the main question in this article is about this same problem. This article seeks to answer these question: What significant relationship is there between the changes in social institutions and the rule of law in Iran? Is the evolution of social institutions of family, religion, education, politics and economics effective in transition to rule of law? The main premise of authors is the existence of changes in social institutions, laying the groundwork for the formation of individuality and as a result, plurality of values systems. Methodology: This article surveys evolution of social institutions. Most simply, it is a first step in an attempt to discuss the nature of Rule of Law. Then, by examining changes in social institutions and their impacts on the infrastructure of the state, we discuss the rule of law in contemporary Iran. This study goes beyond the traditional classification of Public Law in the areas of Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, Financial Law and Labor Law and is among the sociology of Public Law. Findings: The findings of this study imply that the evolution of social institutions' discourses lead to the formation of "individuality" and value pluralism, and deepen the "democratic culture" and "social democracy" among the Iranians, because the authors believe that "Democracy" is not static, but an ongoing process. Democratic social structure affects the political system. Therefore, this article seeks to analyze the sociological process of formation of the modern democratic state in Iran. So, from another perspective, this paper is located in the realm of "Iranian and Persian Studies". This article is dedicated to the interdisciplinary study of Iran.  State and social institutions have dynamic interaction with each other. Therefore, the evolution of an institution can change other social institutions. Thus, there are the meaningful relationship between the evolution of social institutions' discourses & the formation of the rule of law that imply the connection between sociology and Public Law, because Public Law is the legal system of the state and Sociology of Public Law is responsible for explanation of impact of social institutions on the formation of the government. Originality/Value: This article is one of the first attempts to understand the role of social change in the rule of law in contemporary Iran, because this study examined the steps of understanding, creating and delivering values by social changing processes in citizen’s mindsets. These changes have affected Family", "Religion", "Education", "Economy" and "Politics" in contemporary Iran. This study is focused on analyzing how democratic culture can impact in the rule of law, because we believe the existence of the rule of law is the foundation of a democratic system and mutually democracy promotes the rule of law.  In this article we are going to be examining the dialectic of society and government in contemporary Iranian society