تحليل ابعاد امنيت دولت در ايران قرن بيست‌ويكم

Analysis of State Security Dimensions in Iran in the TwentyFirst Century

پس از جنگ دوم جهاني، آن‌چه كه مُولدِ امنيت تلقي مي­شد، وجود ظرفيت بالاي نظامي بود. با فروپاشي شوروي سطوح گوناگوني از امنيت ظهور يافتند كه ديگر مطالعات امنيتي را تنها به بُعد نظامي تقليل نمي دادند. امروزه موضوعات متعدد امنيت در جهان معاصر جايگاه قابل توجهي را دارا هستند و در طول سال‌هاي اخير به‌شكل قابل توجهي مورد توجه پژوهشگران قرار گرفته‏اند. براي فهم موضوع امنيت و اقدام در جهت تامين آن بايد نگاه متكثري به امنيت داشت؛ كه اين مهم با تمركزي همه جانبه بر جوانب متكثر امنيتي ميسر مي شود. از همين‌رو هدف اين پژوهش، پردازش مهم‌ترين چالش هاي امنيتي پيش روي جمهوري اسلامي ايران در قرن 21 است. هم‌چنين روش تحقيق در پژوهش حاضر، بر اساس پاراديم اثباتي و رويكردي تبييني تحليليِ مكتب كپنهاگ و ديد موسع آن بوده و از اين طريق به ارزيابي اين چالش ها و نحوه اثرگذاري آنها پرداخته است. يافته هاي موجود نشان از آن دارد، كه جمهوري اسلامي ايران در عصر كنوني با انواعي از چالش هاي امنيتي در ابعاد مختلف نظامي، سياسي، اقتصادي، فرهنگي و زيست محيطي مواجه است كه حل آن‌ها، نيازمند راهكارهاي عاجلي توسط دولت‌مردان و سياستگذاران است.

Purpose: After World War II, what was considered as security generator was the existence of high military capacity. With the collapse of soviet, various levels of security appeared which did not reduce security studies to military dimension. Today, multiple issues of security have significant position in contemporary world and is interesting to many researchers. To understand the security issue and take action to ensure it, we must have numerous looks at it. Also, due to various changes in the era of globalization that is the era of change and variation, it is possible that cases and issues that are considered common and normal, in near future, enter into the area of security cases and be considered a security gap that accurate recognition of them is very difficult in order to achieve national and international goals. In Iran like all countries, security is composed of various dimensions. For this reason it is said that the areas of threat will be very different. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to survey the most important challenges facing the Islamic Republic of Iran in the 21st century and then to survey the role of these challenges on the national security of Iran. By analysis of available information, we can discover the reasons of their increasing importance and the way of their effect on national security. A topic that is discussed in this study is the existence of situations that each one of them is involved securitization capability and thus imposing costs on the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methodology: The research method in this study has been based on positive paradigm and analyticalexplanatory approach (Copenhagen School and its broad vision) to assess the challenges and their impact. The reason of choosing Copenhagen School as framework of this research is that this school, due to its security view to issues, provides context in which various security discourses can be discussed. Also, it should be noted that in the era of globalization, following the complexity of the threats, various security levels have been complicated and according to the researchers, this school has the ability to cover the various levels, as well. Findings: These findings show that Islamic republic of Iran is faced with different types of security challenges of current era. These Challenges have military, political, economic, cultural and environmental dimensions and need urgent solution by statesmen. Therefore, government and governmental organizations must pay attention to new trends in security to reduce the amount of damages in the future. Originality/Value: Since, so far, no research in this domain has dealt with the most important security challenges facing the Islamic Republic of Iran in the 21st century, we can say that innovation of this study is to investigate the most important security challenges that the Islamic Republic of Iran faces.