جامعه‌شناسي تاريخيِ دولت و نسبت آن با مناسبات اجتماعي ـ توليدي ايران در عصر نظام‌الملك

Historical Sociology of government and and the socioproductive relations of Iran in the Nizam alMolk Era

در بررسي ساختار قدرت سياسي و مناسبات آن با جامعه و الگوي توليد مي­توان گفت ماهيتِ دولت در عصر نظام‌الملك بر مبناي اصل تمركز قدرت چرخيده و عمدتاً ماهيت مالك الرقابي داشته است. مسئله‌ي نوشتار حاضر اين است كه چرا و متأثر از چه مولفه هاي جامعه‌شناختي ـ فرهنگي مناسبات قدرت سياسي با جامعه و نيروهاي توليد در عصر نظام‌الملك اين‌گونه بود؟ با روش تحليلي و وارسي منابع تلاش داريم تا ماهيت و عملكرد دولت كه از آن به‌عنوانِ «دولت به‌مثابه تصاحب امور» تفسير خواهد شد، به صورت بندي جديدي از گزاره هاي تاريخي بپردازيم. با مراجعه به گزاره هاي تاريخي اين رويكرد اثبات مي شود؛ زيرا سلجوقيان در آغاز راه، حكمراني خود را با شمشير و تغلّب بر ايران هموار كردند؛ خاستگاه غير ايراني داشتند و در ادامه ي تصاحب سرزميني به‌رغم به‌كار گرفتن ديوان‌سالاران ايراني همواره اين گروه نخبگان اداري جان خود را در نزاعِ قدرت از دست دادند. از منظر اقتصادي نيز حاكمان سلجوقي ضمن تصاحب تمام منابعِ قدرت و ثروت، چيدمان پيشين و شكل يافته‌ي طبقات و گروه‌هاي اجتماعي ايران را بر هم زده و با تحكيم ساختار قدرت اقتصادي كالايي و  بي‌ثباتي مالكيت نظام ارضي مانع از دگرگوني اساسي شدند. با اعمال شيوه اقتصاد مبتني بر حيات كوچروي و توسعه الگوي زمينداري اقطاعي امكان انباشت سرمايه و گردش آن تقليل يافت و به‌رغم توسعه‌ي حجم امور اقتصادي و گسترش سرزمين­هاي تحت سيطره در اين مقطع پر اهميت تاريخي، شاهد تكوين مراحل تحول و جهش در اين دوره نيستيم؛ بلكه حوادث عظيم اين دوره صرفاً در درون يك دايره‌ي بسته رخ داد كه دولت صاحب امور آن‌را كنترل مي­كرد. دولت به‌مثابه تصاحب با اتخاذ و تعميم نظام ارباب ـ رعيتي در عرصه‏هاي اقتصادي، اجتماعي و سياسي تقويت مي‌شد. دولت متمركزِ عصر نظام‌الملك از شرايط براي نهادينه كردن تسلط خود بهره گرفت؛ اما براي گذار به مرحله تحول اساسي، حركت جهش سازي صورت نگرفت.

Purpose: By analytical methods and verification sources, we interpreted that the nature and function of government can be analayzed "government as take over" via reorganization of a historical statements. By Referring to historical statements, this approach will prove because the Seljuks in the beginning of his rule paved by sword and dominance on Iran, have not has nonIranian origin and despite the deployment of Iranian bureaucrats, administrative elite lost their lives in a power struggle. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the structure of political power and its relations with society and the nature of government in Nizam alMulk era can be rotated on the principle of centralization of power mostly nature's owner named Malik al roqab. The problem of my article is: Why and by affected of which Components created the sociocultural and political power relations with productive forces of society in the era of Nizam alMulk? Discuss the issue and approach research questions based on the pattern of historical sociology. Our goal in this context is relation between reason on the behavior and performance of the state of Nizam alMulk with the theoretical approach as a takeover of government affairs. The objective is to evaluate the performance of the network and power relations, and behaviors by examining the behavior of ruling the state of Nizam alMulk by using of micro analysis. Findings: 1. they were dominated a model of production which were based on nomadic life, developed land authorization pattern, dropped the possibility of accumulation of capital and its circulation in spite of economic development and expansion of land under significant. So, there were not stages of evolution and mutations at this point in history. In fact, all of great events that occurred only within a closed circle which was controlled by government. Government was strengthen by adopting and Arbab Farmhouse in economic, social and political scene. Centralized state caused by Nizam alMulk took advantage of the situation to institutionalize its dominance but for transition to constitutional change didn't occur a mutation making 2. At Nizam alMulk period, despite of traditional distribution of power in the subsidiary states of Empire reproduced the absolute nature of the state and its model of soverign sustained in the administration scene. The main factor which rebuilds it was the emphysis on Justice Component means preserving the existing balance of power around Sultan. The balance of justice asserts that anyone stay in their place. Originality/ Value: this article concluded that historical sociology of state and ite relation with social structure and production model at Nizamal Molk era showed us that some elements prevented in evaloution of economical structure despite of huge action and acts in this sphere. Primacy of justices on freedom have the main role of Prevent the development and mutation.