كليدواژه :
مشروعيت , دولت پهلوي , نوستالژيا , ضد مشروعيت
چكيده فارسي :
تفسير سياست در دولت پهلوي، بر مبناي الگوي نوستالژيا، هدف اين مقاله است. نوستالژيا، به منزله موقعيتي بنيادين در حيات ذهني انسان، مي تواند عرصه سياسي را متأثر از مضامين و انگاره هاي خود سازد. در اين مقاله، با تمركز بر دوره پهلوي، قصد داريم تا كه نشان دهيم، مشروعيت، كه از زمره مفاهيم اساسي مرتبط با سياست است، ماهيتي عمدتاً نوستالژيك به‌خود گرفته بود. الگوي نوستالژيا، خودآگاه و ناخودآگاه، به يكي از سرمشق‌هاي جاافتاده و مسلط بر گفتمان هاي ايران عصر پهلوي تبديل شده بود. در اين مقاله، نوستالژيا، به مثابه محل اتصال فرهنگ و سياست تفسير مي شود. الگوي نوستالژيا، آن چنان فراگير بود كه، حتي صورت بندي نظري ايده ها و افكار نيروهاي رقيب و مخالف دولت پهلوي نيز، بيشتر درون چنين سرمشق فراگير و عامي انجام مي شد. اين، عام بودن نوستالژيا است كه هم گفتمان ملي ايران باستان گرايي حاكم و هم گفتمان ديني اسلام گرايي رقيب (و برخي ديگر گفتمان هاي حاضر در عرصه فرهنگي، اجتماعي و سياسي) را پوشش مي دهد. الگوي نوستالژيا، در عرصه سياست، براي يكي (دولت پهلوي)، مقدمات كسب اعتبار و مشروعيت تدارك مي ديد و براي ديگري (گفتمان رقيب)، لوازم مورد نياز جهت سلب مشروعيت از نظام موجود را فراهم مي كرد. پارادايم نوستالژيا، نشان خود را بر سياست در ايران آشكار ساخت.
چكيده لاتين :
Abstract Purpose: The interpretation of the political sphere in Pahlavi’s age, based on the nostalgia paradigm, is the scope and purpose of this paper. Nostalgia, as the fundamental situation of human mental life, can affect the political area by its own ideas, concepts and operation. In this paper, focusing on the period of Pahlavi, We intend to show that legitimacy, which is one of the basic concepts related to the politics, had taken the nostalgic nature. Nostalgia paradigm, consciously and unconsciously, had become one of the established and dominant discourses in Pahlavi’s age. Nostalgia was the point of connection of culture and politics. Nostalgia paradigm was so pervasive that even the formation of theoretical ideas and thoughts of competing sides could be achieved and fulfilled in the same paradigm. The generality of Nostalgia not only included the official, governmental and nationalist discourse, but also the rival Islamist discourses (And some other discourses). Nostalgia paradigm in politics gained credibility and legitimacy for one (government side) and worked in order to delegitimize the existing political system for other (competing discourses). Design/Methodology/Approach: Combining the historical data with the adopted explanatory approach (interpretativephenomenological approach), this article provides an analysis of the contemporary history of Iran. This combination seeks the means of nostalgia paradigm and uses Jacques Lacan’s psychological theory of the triple order (imaginary, symbolic and real order). Also, it explains the phenomena such as meaning, legitimacy and antilegitimacy, identity and identification, self and other, and finally, presence and absence. Findings: The problem of this paper is to analyze the relationship between nostalgia and political credibility (legitimation) and finding the answer to these questions: how nostalgia is political? Or, what the appearance of nostalgic acts at the political level and in the realm of politics means? There is a familiar and wellknown response to these questions: legitimacy. But, the specific findings of this paper can be formulated as follows: Nostalgia is one of the most dominant paradigms of the intellectual, cultural, political and social life of Iranians in the 20th century; it can be claimed that the political realm became the playing field of various nostalgias. In short, nostalgia was the source of access to legitimacy and also delegitimizing. Originality/Value: (a) Using a theoretical and methodological approach to review politics and political culture in the Pahlavi period. (b) Exploring the nostalgia as the dominant paradigm in the cultural, social and political space. (c) Exploring the political dimension of nostalgia in that period. (d) Exploring the dual Operation of nostalgic paradigm in the course of Iranian history and politics in the 20th century (not only in the discourse of ancientoriented nationalism, but also in Islamic nationalism).
