رابطه ي عقل با صور نزد فلوطين و مقايسه آن با نظر ملاصدرا درباره وحدت و كثرت عقل

The Relationship between Intellect and Particular Intellects in Plotinus view and Its Comparison with MullāSadrās View on Unity and Multiplicity of Intellect

فلوطين دميورژ را عقل تلقي مي كند و ايده هاي افلاطوني را به درون عقل مي برد و در عين حال، هر ايده را نه انديشه اي وابسته به عقل، بلكه عقلي تلقي مي كند كه با انديشيدن به خود، به همه ي ايده ها مي انديشد و بدين ترتيب با كل اقنوم عقل عينيت مي يابد. اين نظريه كه به نظريه ي درونيت مشهور است از مشخصات بارز فلسفه ي فلوطين و يكي از بحث برانگيزترين مسائل در حيطه ي فلسفه هاي نوافلاطوني است. اين نظريه تا حدودي در اثولوجيا انعكاس يافته و از منابع ملاصدرا درخصوص واحد و كثير تلقي كردن عقل به عنوان صادر اول است. در اين مقاله، پس از تبيين نظريه ي فلوطين و زمينه هاي آن، به آراء ملاصدرا در خصوص وجوه وحدت و كثرت عقل و تأثيرپذيري او از اثولوجيا در كنار آيات و احاديث مي پردازيم.

Plotinus considers Demiurge as intellect and the Platonic ideas as its thoughts. At the same time, he does not regard the existence of these thoughts as dependent on the intellects reflection, but each of them as an independent particular intellect, whose selfthinking requires all ideas to be thought, as if it is identical with the whole hypostasis of intellect. This theory, which is called amp;quot;Internality Thesisamp;quot;, is one of the outstanding features of Plotinus philosophy and one of the most problematic issues in Neoplatonic philosophies. This theory has been reflected in Theologia to some extent and is one of MullāSadrās resources to believe in the unity and multiplicity of intellect as the first emanated being. This paper, after discussing the Plotinus theory and its context, is going to study MullāSadrās view on the unity and multiplicity of intellect, and his being affected by Theologia as well as by the verses and traditions.