سبك شناسي مقامات همداني و حريري براساس سبك شناسي آماري بوزيمان

Methodology of Maqamat Hamadani and Hariri Based on Buseman’s statistical methodology

در ميان گونه هاي مختلف آثار ادبي، مقامات با توجه به ساختار ويژه اي كه دارد علاوه بر عناصر ادبي عاطفه، خيال، اسلوب و انديشه، داراي عناصر داستاني از جمله پيرنگ، شخصيت، كشمكش، زاويه ديد، صحنه و به ويژه گفت‌وگوست و اگر مقامات را به طور خاص، زبان گفت‌وگو و شگردهاي روايي بدانيم، همداني و حريري به دنبال خلق زباني هستند كه توانايي ارائه و عينيت بخشيدن به ذهنيت و حساسيت هاي عاطفي ايشان و در نهايت قدرت اثرگذاري بر مخاطب را داشته باشد. مقاله حاضر برآن است با تكيه بر شيوه سبك شناسي آماري بوزيمان كه سعد مصلوح آن را در زبان عربي بومي سازي كرده است به تحليل مقامات همداني و حريري بپردازد. داده هاي عددي پژوهش كه براساس تعداد فعل و صفت و نسبت بين اين دو است، بيانگر رويكرد انفعالي تر و در نتيجه ادبي تر مقامات همداني در مقايسه با حريري است. عنصر گفت‌وگو و شگردهاي روايي در تراكم و در نتيجه افزايش كمّي ادبيت مقامات دو نويسنده نقش اصلي دارد..

Abstract  Stylistics can be defined as analysis and interpretation of the expression and different forms of speech, based on linguistic elements. German theorist , Buseman , devised his theses in statistical style based on the ratio of verbs to adjectives, generalizing a variety of literary and non literary genera in German Language and Literature .   According to Buseman , increasing the number of verbs in verses, makes the text closer to literary style. Therefore, increasing the number of adjectives, makes the text closer to scientific or subjective style.   The most important achievement of statistical methodology of Buseman can be considered as: a) comparison of author’s style, literary periods and genres b) studying the language system and variety of words and, c) classification and grading differences or similarities of literary, periods and genres.   The purpose of this study: Stylistic analysis of Maqamat Hamadani and alHariri based on the statistical model of Buseman.   The question proposed in this study : a) How effective is the use of the statistical methods , in identifying and analyzing a variety of literature including Maqamat? b) How effective is the quantitative scope of verbs and adjectives , as two key parameters in determining the style of literary works? And c) Which element of fiction is most effective in enriching the literary approach ?   Specific research method is statistical – analysis We initially discovered and classified the number of verbs and adjectives in the Fifty one of Hamadani Maqamehs and Fifty of Hariri Maqamehs then the scope of verbs and adjectives usage is shown in the form of tables and graphs . After that , we will assess the style of the literary work , based on the use of verbs and adjectives.   The research findings show : All Hamadani and Hariri Maqamat s quantitatively benefit from high active approach, for the use of the verb . At 46 Maqameh Hamadani , and 48 Maqameh Hariri the verb scope is more than 80 % The highest volume of verbs in the Maqamat Hariri and Hamadani 95/97 and 60/95 respectively while the highest volume of adjectives subjective approach , between these two Maghamats is respectively 15/49 and 09/24 .   Dialogue between fictional elements is most effective in a literary approach , and increases the number of verbs in Maqamat . Because in conversation, inter action and movement happen A reaction that takes place in result of talking between two people. So when reader interacts with the text which is the nature of any conversation , sees himself among the audiences of the story , then accepts the text’s effect , and ensures the continuity of story’s life . v