دگرديسي چهره هاي نمادين در اشعار صفارزاده

A research on metamorphosis of symbols in Tahere Saffarzade’s poems

طاهره صفارزاده نويسنده، محقق، مترجم و يكي از شاعران برجسته ادبيات معاصر است كه شعرش را بستري براي بيان عواطف، انديشه و باورهاي مذهبي قرار داده است. يكي از شگردهاي اين شاعر در بيان عواطف و انديشه‌هايش، نماد پردازي است. شيوه‌اي كه در شكل گيري زبان ادبي و هنري صفارزاده و نيز روشن شدن جهان بيني شاعر در زمينه مفاهيم گوناگون بسيار حائز اهميت است. اين پژوهش بر آن است تا تغيير و دگرديسي چهره‌هاي نمادين را در سروده‌هاي اين شاعر معاصر مورد بررسي و واكاوي قرار دهد. برآيند تحقيق حاكي از آن است كه پاره‌اي از نمادها در اشعار شاعر دچار تغيير و دگرديسي شده و پاره‌اي ديگر بي تغيير مانده‌اند. چنانچه تغيير و دگرديسي در نمادينگي چهره‌هاي اساطيري و تاريخي تا حدودي در اشعار اين شاعر ديده مي‌شود حال آنكه، در پاره‌اي از ديگر نمادها همچون شخصيت هاي مذهبي دگرگوني در مفهوم نمادها روي نداده است، كه اين نكته نيز خود مي‌تواند ناشي از جهان بيني ديني شاعر و اهميًت و تقدس باورهاي مذهبي در نزد او باشد. در پاره ديگر از نمادها، خاصه شخصيت ‌هاي عادي نيز، شاهد خلق نمادهاي نويني هستيم كه پيش از آن در آثار شاعران پيشين مسبوق سابقه نيست و اگر هم هست اغلب در مفهوم نمادهاي پرداخته شده ذهن شاعر نيستند كه اين ويژگي شعري خود حاكي از قدرت و توانمندي شاعر در تغيير و دگرديسي مفهوم برخي از نمادهاي شناخته شده و نيز ذوق و ابتكار او در ايجاد سمبل‌هاي خصوصي نويني است كه در شعر شاعران پيشين ديده نمي‌شود.

AbstractSymbolization or symbolic language is an ancient and effective way to communicate among people. Understanding this symbolic language has shown new aspects of symbols in different literary works. In Europe it has formed a new doctrine of symbolism. Symbolism in Persian literature has not been as strong as Europe, but it can be seen in even oldest literary works of mythology. In mythological stories, symbols usually appear as unnatural people or objects. The best exle of these symbols in Persian literature are mythologic symbols of Shahname by Ferdowsi like Rostam, Keikhosrow, Fereidun, Zahak and objects like Seven episodes of Rostam and Esfandiar and so on. In modern era of literature of Iran symbolism and symbolic literary language has been used a lot because of political and social causes. This various use of symbolism among contemporary writers has formed new symbols and also some metamorphosis of older symbols with new meanings. In a brief look, we can mention these causes to spread large use of symbolism in contemporary literature: A:  Suffocation and despotism of Pahlavi regime and its negative effect on literatureB:  Affection from world known doctrines line symbolismC:  Creation of ambiguity and deepening older meanings of symbolism to create new symbols from older onesD:  Enriching meaning and creation of polyphony of literature arts by symbolism (Khosravi Shakib, 1387:  p.148)Tahere Safarzade is one of the wellknown poets of contemporary literature in symbolism which faced a new world by using symbols in a new and creative way. SAFFARZADEH uses multiple objects and characters to symbolism in her poems like mythological or ritual or even ordinary characters. Symbols in her poems that vary in meaning sometimes from a partial to full metamorphosis. In this Research we try to clarify symbolism of these characters and their metamorphosis concerning the majority of use of symbols in her work and understanding her literary language and also her world view. In a brief and overview we can divide symbolic characters of her books to religious, historical, mythological and ordinary characters.The outcome of this research shows that some symbolic characters of poem like religious characters are very bold, because of poets religious world view, so sometimes they boldly effect poets’ whole work sometimes and make it symbolic. One of the best exles of this type of symbolism is the long poem of quot Safar Zamzamquot in which poet has shown the main character as an outstanding symbol. As much of these religious characters has been used in poets’ works, metamorphosis is not significant because of holiness of religious beliefs by the poet, but in other symbols we can follow the order of metamorphosis.Reading historic symbols also shows that there is no significant metamorphosis in symbols and it’s because of simultaneity of some of these characters with poet herself. About mythological characters in some symbols there are whole changes from a positive to negative character and in some symbols there are no changes. The most outstanding change in symbols metamorphosis is seen in ordinary characters and symbols. These symbols are used in her works widely and are mostly new symbols or new aspects of look to older ones. In other words it seems that poet has created a big list of private symbols in her art work to express her feelings and thoughts in special political and social condition of her era and endured Persian literature with these new symbols.Finally, by deliberation in her works we can deduce that Tahere Saffarzade is a poet who has preferred to create new symbols instead of creating metamorphosis in currently used symbols in Persian literature and made her own unique literary language.