جملات شرطي رويدادي در زبان فارسي

Event Conditionals in Persian

ساخت‌هاي شرطي عبارت‌هاي زباني متشكل از بندي وابسته و بندي پايه هستند كه وقوع پديده يا وضعيتي را به وقوع پديده‌ يا وضعيتي ديگر مشروط مي‌سازند. در اين مقاله با رويكردي كمينه‌گرا بند شرطي در زبان فارسي را مورد بررسي قرار مي‌دهيم. در روند اين بررسي، با استفاده از اصول نظريۀ مرجع‌گزيني و برخي آزمون‌هاي حذف نشان مي‌دهيم كه بند شرطي جمله‌‌آغازين به عنوان افزوده به گروه زمان و در مواردي به فرافكن‌هاي بالاتري همچون گروه كانون و بند شرطي جمله‌پاياني به گروه فعلي كوچك متصل مي‌شود. بند شرطي جمله‌مياني نيز در حقيقت حاصل مبتداسازي عناصري است كه به پيش از بند شرطي جابجا شده اند.

Conditionals are linguistic expressions expressed by means of syntactically complex forms which consist of a conditional clausehrase and a main clause that make the occurrence of one event dependent on the occurrence of another. The present study attempts to analyze the conditional clause in Persian within the Minimalist framework. For this purpose, after a brief review of various classifications of these structures on semantic grounds, the conditional clause is considered as an adjunct clause. Then, regarding the diverse positions of conditional clause in sentence structure of various languages, two distinct approaches are introduced. Afterwards, it is proposed that as an adjunct, sentenceinitial conditional clauses involve TPadjunction and in some cases higher projections like FocPadjunction and sentencefinal conditional clauses involve vPadjunction. Principles of the Binding Theory and deletion tests provide evidence in support of this hypothesis. The sentencemedial conditional clauses are actually the output of topicalization of those elements that have been placed before the conditional clauses.