مباني فلسفه سياسي استاد مرتضي مطهري

The Nature and Foundations of the Political Philosophy of Professor Morteza Motahari

فلسفه سياسي از بدو ورود به جهان اسلام، همواره مورد توجه انديشمندان اين رشته بوده است. با اين حال، فلسفه سياسي اسلامي با بي مهري ها و شبهاتي، حتي در حدّ ادعاي امتناع آن، مواجه شده است. از بهترين راه هاي پاسخ به اين شبهات، تدوين فلسفه هاي سياسي فيلسوفاني است كه انديشه آنها داراي اين ظرفيت است. براساس اينكه ارتباط بين حكمت نظري و حكمت عملي از مسايل مهم در فلسفه سياسي است و يك رابطه توليدي و مبنايي ميان آنها برقرار است، بحث ماهيت و مباني نقطه آغاز اين مهم به شمار مي آيد. پرسش اساسي تحقيق حاضر اين است كه ماهيت و مباني فلسفه سياسي استاد مطهري چيست؟ و اقتضايات مباني در اين فلسفه سياسي به چه نحوي است؟ فلسفه سياسي استاد مطهري، مجموعه اي از تاملات فلسفي و برخي ديدگاه هاي هنجاري است كه در آن به صورتي نظام مند ماهيت، مباني و مسايل محوري سياست و نظام سياسي مطلوب بررسي مي شود. مباني هستي شناختي در مشروعيت حكومت؛ مباني انسان شناختي در مسايلي همچون آزادي، عدالت و مشاركت سياسي؛ و همچنين نقش عقل و وحي در كل فلسفه سياسي استاد مطهري قابل پيگيري است. روش تحقيق در اين نوشتار، توصيفي ـ تحليلي است.

Since its early introduction in to the Muslim world, political philosophy has been of special interest to the experts in this field. However, political philosophy in Islam rejected some unfair comments and doubts were raised about it, and also some people were rejecting it. One of the best ways of responding to these doubts is to consider the political philosophies of the philosophers whose thoughts have the mentioned capacity. Since the relationship between theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy is among the important issues of political philosophy, and because there is a fundamental and positive relationship between them, the discussion on the nature and foundations of this relationship is the considered starting point of this important research. The main question with which this study is concerned is: what are the nature and foundations of professor Motahariʹs political philosophy. What are the essential requirements of the foundations of this political philosophy? The political philosophy of professor Motahari represents a set of philosophical reflections and some normative ideas that systematically investigate the nature, foundations and central issues about politics and ideal political system. The ontological foundations in the legitimacy of government, the anthropological foundations in such issues like freedom, justice and political participation and also the role of reason and revelation can be traced throughout the political philosophy of professor Motahari. The method used in this paper is descriptive-analytical.