بررسي اثر ساليسيليك‌اسيد‌ و جيبرلين بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد ماش (Vigna radiata)

Effect of salicylic acid and gibberellin on yield and yield components of Mungbean (Vigna radiata)

چكیده هورمون‌های گیاهی از جمله سالیسیلیك‌اسید‌ و جیبرلین بر صفات كمّی و كیفی گیاهان زراعی مؤثر‌ند. كاربرد خارجی تنظیم‌كننده‌های رشد گیاهی به‌عنوان راهكاری مؤثر برای بهبود مقاومت به شوری در گیاهان مطرح است. به‌منظور بررسی اثر سالیسیلیك‌اسید‌ و جیبرلین بر عملكرد و اجزای عملكرد ماش، آزمایشی در سال 1393 در مركز تحقیقات كشت‌و‌صنعت گوهركوه خاش به‌صورت فاكتوریل در قالب طرح بلوك‌های كامل تصادفی، با سه‌تكرار انجام شد. در این بررسی سالیسیلیك‌اسید در چهار‌غلظت مختلف شامل 0، 25، 50 و 100پی‌پی‌ام به‌عنوان عامل اول و جیبرلین در سه‌غلظت 0، 50 و 100پی‌پی‌ام به‌عنوان عامل دوم بودند. صفات مورد‌بررسی شامل ارتفاع بوته، عملكرد علوفه تَر و خشك، عملكرد دانه، وزن هزار‌دانه و شاخص برداشت بودند. نتایج نشان‌داد كه در تیمار 50‌پی‌پی‌ام سالیسیلیك‌اسید‌ بهترین عملكرد علوفه خشك به‌میزان 1837‌كیلوگرم در هكتار و 49‌درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد، عملكرد دانه به‌میزان 3/513‌كیلوگرم در هكتار و 19/36‌درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد و شاخص برداشت نیز به‌میزان 11/27‌درصد بود كه نسبت به شاهد 76/30‌درصد افزایش نشان‌داد و در تیمار 100‌پی‌پی‌ام جیبرلین بهترین عملكرد علوفه خشك به‌میزان 36/1469‌كیلوگرم در هكتار و 9/20‌درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد، عملكرد دانه به‌میزان 08/508‌كیلوگرم در هكتار و 09/31‌درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد و شاخص برداشت نیز به‌میزان 66/25‌درصد بود كه نسبت به شاهد 45/20‌درصد افزایش نشان‌داد. به‌طور كلی می‌توان بیان كرد كه سالیسیلیك‌اسید و جیبرلین بر صفات مورد‌بررسی تأثیر معنی‌دار مثبت داشتند و رشد بهتر بوته‌های ماش در تیمار 50‌پی‌پی‌ام سالیسیلیك‌اسید‌ و 100‌پی‌پی‌ام جیبرلین مشاهده شد. واژه‌های كلیدی: تنظیم‌كننده رشد، درصد جوانه‌زنی، حبوبات، شاخص برداشت، عملكرد علوفه خشك، هورمون‌های گیاهی

Introduction The plant hormones such as salicylic acid and gibberellin can affect the quantity and quality of crops. External application of plant growth regulators as a strategy for improving salt tolerance in plants is discussed. Foreign Salicylic acid can regulate antioxidant enzyme activity and increase plant resistance to abiotic stresses. Salicylic acid reduction due to ethylene through the effect on the mechanisms of enzymatic and non-enzymatic of plant improves oxidative stress protection. Gibberellic acid increased amylase activity in the cotyledons of mung bean seedlings. Gibberellin are for the elongation of cells in the embryo and endosperm during seed germination. Materials and Methods In order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid and gibberellin on yield and yield components of mung bean, an experiment was conducted using factorial experiment in the form of RCBD with three replications at Research Farm of Agro-Industry Center of Goharkooh Khash (Iran) in 2014. In this experiment salicylic acid was used at four different concentrations including A1 (0 ppm [control]), A2 (25 ppm), A3 (50 ppm) and A4 (100 ppm) as first factor and gibberellin in three different concentrations B1 (0 ppm [control]), B2 (50 ppm) and B3 (100 ppm) as second factor. Agricultural traits including plant height, forage yield, dry matter yield, grain yield, 1000 seed weight and harvest index. Results and Discussions The results showed that in the treatment of 50 ppm of salicylic acid the highest dry matter yield was obtained by 1837 kg per hectare and 49% increase compared to the control, 513.3 kg per hectare grain yield by 36.19% increase compared to control, and harvest index also amounted to 27.11 percent compared to the control was 30/76%. In the treatment of 100 ppm gibberellin best dry matter yield by 1469.36 kg per hectare and 20.9% increase compared with the control, grain yield by 508.08 kg per hectare yield and 31.09% increase compared to control, and harvest index by 25.66 percent and 20.45% compared to control increased, respectively. It seems that salicylic acid and gibberellin increased cell division in the meristem plantlets and thus improved the plant growth. Salicylic acid and gibberellin through proper inflammatory cells, increase division, elongation and cell differentiation, the allocation of the substances synthesized for growth and prolong the period of growth may rise to normal cells, and thus increase the plant height. The comparison shows that primed seeds to create favorable conditions by increasing plant height, relative water content, proline content and soluble sugar content reduction was significantly increased plant biomass and grain yield. Vetch dry matter accumulation yield, plant height and yield of forage plants can be attributed to a high levelof dry matter accumulation in different parts of the plant. Concentrations of salicylic acid and gibberellin treatments, have increasd plant height and ultimately produced a better performance. The use of these plant hormones can increase the rate of photosynthesis and the transfer of materials to the seeds. Reserves accumulated in the stem before pollination can also in some plants be used for grain filling, in addition to the present assimilate used, resulting in an increase in harvest index contributed. Foreign Salicylic acid can regulate antioxidant enzyme activity and increase plant resistance to abiotic stresses. Salicylic acid reduction due to ethylene through the effect on the mechanisms of enzymatic and non-enzymatic of plant improves oxidative stress protection. Gibberellic acid increased amylase activity in the cotyledons of mung bean seedlings. Gibberellin are for the elongation of cells in the embryo and endosperm during seed germination. Conclusion The results showed that in the treatment of 50 ppm of salicylic acid the highest dry matter yield was obtained by 1837 kg per hectare and 49% increase compared to the control, 513.3 kg per hectare grain yield by 36.19% increase compared to control, and harvest index also amounted to 27.11% compared to the control was 30/76%. In the treatment of 100 ppm gibberellin best dry matter yield by 1469.36 kg per hectare and 20.9% increase compared with the control, grain yield by 508.08 kg per hectare yield and 31.09% increase compared to control, and harvest index by 25.66 percent and 20.45% compared to control increased, respectively. In general it can be stated that salicylic acid and gibberellin have positive and significant impact on traits, and vetch plants grow better with treatment of 50 ppm of salicylic acid and 100 ppm of gibberellin. Key words: Dry matter yield, Fabaceae, Germination percentage, Growth regulators, Harvest index, Plant hormones