تحليل مؤلفه‌هاي مؤثر بر مشاركت زنان در چرخه‌ي‌ مديريت بحران شهر تهران

Analysis of Components Influencing the Womens Participation in Disaster Management Cycle in Tehran

گروه هاي گوناگون جامعه مي توانند نقش بسيار مهمي در مديريت بحران ايفا كنند. كشورهايي آسيب پذيريِ كمتري خواهند داشت كه قشر هاي مختلف مردم به صورت مستقيم در فعاليت هاي كاهش خطر شركت كنند و هر كدام توانمندي هاي خود را براي درك و پاسخ به سوانح متفاوت به عرضه گذارند. بنابراين، با توجه به نقش مشاركت زنان در فرايند مديريت بحران، شناسايي مؤلفه ها و تحليل بر اين امر مي تواند زمينه ساز حضور مؤثر آنان گردد. شناخت اين مؤلفه ها مي تواند زمينه ساز تبديل گروه از قشري آسيب پذير به قشري توانمند، فعال و مؤثر باشد. از اين رو، تحقيق به شيوه ي پيمايشي با تكميل پرسش نامه به استخراج اين عوامل پرداخته است. براي تكميل داده ها از روش نمونه گيري تناسبي استفاده شد و داده ها با روش تحليل عاملي بررسي گرديد. با استفاده از اين روش داده ها و متغيرها مورد نظر خلاصه شد و مؤثرترين عوامل در اين مشاركت تعيين گرديد. اين عوامل شامل دانش مديريت بحران، عوامل فرهنگي و جنستي، تقديرگرايي، احساس قدرت و اعتماد به نفس بود كه نتايج در اين چهار بعد با استفاده از تحليل عاملي بررسي شد. در بخش دانش مديريت بحران مقدار KMO معادل 74/0 بود و مجموع متغيرهاي اين بخش در چهار عامل 67.42 درصد از تغيير پذيري (واريانس) متغيرها را تبيين كردند. مقدار KMO در بخش احساس قدرت و اعتماد به نفس 0.72 بود و متغيرهاي اين بخش نيز با چهار عامل 65.27 درصد از تغيير پذيري متغيرها را تبيين كردند. مقدار KMO تقديرگرايي معادل 0.599 بود و اين بخش با چهار عامل توانست .59.56 درصد از تغيير پذيري متغيرها را تبيين كند. سرانجام، مقدار KMO هنجارهاي فرهنگي اجتماعي معادل 0.71 است و 70.52 درصد از تغيير پذيري متغيرها از طريق پنج عامل در اين بخش تبيين شده است.

Various community groups can play important role in disaster management. Countries with different segments of people directly participate in activities to reduce the risk. Therefore, regarding the role of womens participation in disaster management process and as a part of human society will have an important role in this process, identify and analyze the factors affecting womens presence is essential. However, the central role of women in families and communities remains unknown in most parts of the world specially in planning and managing the disaster. The purpose of this study is to identify and understand the different capabilities of women to participate actively in the cycle of disaster management and providing strategies for increasing womens participation in the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery of probable disasters. This study is an original and practical research. According to the theoretical research, a questionnaire was designed in four parts and it was completed through sling. The sle population is women living in 22 districts of Tehran. This study implies that there is the low participation rate of women in disaster management among citizens of Tehran. To complete the data, proportional sling was used and data were analyzed using factor analysis. Using this method, the data and the variables were summarized and the most effective factors were set in the partnership. These factors include disaster management, cultural factors and gender, fatalism, a feeling of power and confidence that the results of the factor analysis was performed using four dimensions. Based on tradition of social research and the findings of previous empirical research on womens participation in disaster management and the factors influencing voluntary participation, contextual condition of social variables (including socioeconomic condition, occupation, marital status, number of children and age), as well as religious and fatalistic attitude would studied and evaluated the factors influencing the motivation and willingness to participate as a volunteer in the field of disaster management. The findings show that KMO value was equivalent to 0.74 in four factors of disaster management and the total values of the sector were defined 67.42% of total variance of the variables. KMO value in the sense of power and confidence variables was 0.72 and 65.27% of this segment can be explained by four factors the variability of the variables. In fatalism variable the KMO value was 0.599 and 59.56% of the four factors could explain the variability of variables. Finally, the KMO of sociocultural norms was 0.71 and 70.52% of the variability of the variables was explained by five factors in this sector. Women cooperation alongside men play a major role in the use and implementation of policies and programs related to accidents. Thus, participation as one of the arguments in crisis management requires people involved in all processes related to the crisis management cycle. Since public participation opportunities and fields are different in societies and in different groups, so, to attract the participation in each group, identifying effective components is essential. Finally, after using factor analysis and extracting four factors, including knowledge of effective crisis management, cultural factors and gender, fatalism, a sense of power and selfconfidence were classified. In general, most people do not do any activities in disaster management and their awareness and knowledge does not lead to disaster management needs. Thus, organizational barriers, structural, administrative and educational activities to promote social and cultural constraints are considering strategies promoting womens participation in disaster management cycle.