غفلت مطالعات اخير غربي از فراگيري تواتر قرآن

Recent studies frequently neglected west of learning the Quran

مسلمانان بر این نظر هستند كه قرآن كریم از زمان رسول خدا از طریق تواتر، نسلی به نسل دیگر سپرده و هم اكنون در دست ما قرار گرفته است. بنابراین، مهم ترین دلیل مسلمانان بر این كه قرآنِ موجود همان قرآنی است كه پیامبر گرامی اسلام آورده ، تواتر است. ب بر خلاف دیدگاه ونزبرو و همفكرانش كه دو سده اول تاریخ اسلام را تاریك و مبهم قلمداد كرده‌اند، نگاه گذرا به تاریخ اسلام نشان می‌دهد كه مسلمانان در همان دهه‌های نخست اسلام به مناطق مختلف از جمله برخی از مناطق اروپا رفته بودند و مسیحیان و یهودیان با چشمانی باز به دین رقیب خود می نگریسته اند، از این رو امكان ندارد كه حادثه مهمی مانند پیدایش و تدوین رسمی قرآن در سده دوم یا سوم رخ داده باشد و هیچ یك از مورخان غیر مسلمان به آن اشاره نكرده باشد. علاوه بر این، پژوهشگران غربی نیز كه در سده های اخیر به تاریخ اسلام پرداخته اند همگی بر گزارش مسلمانان اعتماد كرده‌اند و كسی جریان تاریخ اسلام را به گونه دیگری گزارش نكرده است.

For the Muslims, the Qurʹan has been handed down from generation to generation from the time of the Prophet. Thus, the most important evidence for the genuineness of the Qurʹan as the one introduced by of the holy Prophet, is its broad authentication (tawator). However, this argument is absent in the western studies of the history of the Qurʹan. On the contrary, some western scholars such as Wansbrough and Hawting claim that due to the lack of information in the Qurʹan concerning its development, all the information on this issue is confined to the hadiths which have been produced in the ninth and tenth century CE. Therefore, there is no data available from the contemporary sources which can be trusted on the issue concerning the two formative centuries of Islam. They consider the Qurʹan as the product of two century discourse between the Muslims and the believers of other religions whose text has been finally canonized in the third century AH. Quite contrary to Wansbrough’s opinion and that of his advocates, a quick look at the history of Islam reveals that Muslims had travelled to different regions, including Europe in the first decades of its emergence. Hence the Christians and Jews had observed their religious rival with open eyes. It is not possible that such a significant event as canonization of Qurʹan may have occurred in the second or third century AH, and none of the non-Muslim historians made reference to it. Moreover, western scholars studying the history of Islam in the recent century, have all accepted the Muslim’s reports, no one having narrated it otherwise.