جرايم ناقص: واكاوي سازگاري آموزه هاي فقهي و حقوقي

Inchoate offences: An Investigation into the Adoptability of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence

قانون مجازات اسلامي 1392 برخلاف قانون مجازات اسلامي 1370 كه اصولاً جرايم ناقص را بدون مجازات اعلام كرده بود از رويكرد قبلي عدول نموده و به موجب نظر برخي حقوقدانان شروع به جرم، جرم محال و جرم عقيم-كه از مصاديق جرم ناقص محسوب مي شوند- را در اكثر جرايم قابل مجازات دانسته است. دليل عدم جرم انگاري جرم ناقص در قانون مجازات اسلامي 1370 به دليل تبعيت از فقهايي بوده كه عقيده بر عدم حرمت مقدمه حرام و همچنين عدم حرمت تجري داشته اند در حالي كه قانون مجازات اسلامي 1392 با تبعيت از فقهايي كه عقيده بر حرمت مقدمه حرام و حرمت تجري دارند جرم ناقص را به رسميت شناخته است و شروع به بسياري از جرايم، جرم محال و به موجب برخي نظرات، جرم عقيم را قابل مجازات اعلام كرده است ولي واقعيت اين است كه قانونگذار با تبعيت از معيارهايي منطقي مي تواند هر رفتاري را جرم انگاري كند هر چند اقدامات مزبور داراي حرمت شرعي نباشند و جرم ناقص نيز از اين قاعده مستثني نمي باشد .

The new version of Islamic Penal Code (IPC) (1392-2013), unlike its old version (1370-1991) which considered inchoate offences as non-punishable, followed the ideas of some law practitioners and listed some sub-categories of inchoate offences; i.e., attenuated crime, impossible offence, and incomplete offence as punishable. The non-punishable view towards inchoate offences in the 1370 (1991) version of IPC was in line with the ideas of those jurisprudents who did not consider preliminary attempts to prohibited actions and aggression as crime. However, in developing the 1392 (2013) version of IPC, the ideas of those jurisprudents who did believe in preliminary attempts to prohibited actions and aggression as crime were taken into account. Therefore, inchoate offences were categorized as punishable, so were preliminary attempts to prohibited actions and - according to some jurisprudents - incomplete offences. Nevertheless, the fact is that law makers could follow the standards of logic and categories any unlawful behavior as crime, even though such behaviors were not religiously recognized as unlawful. Inchoate offences are obviously of no exception in such a categorization.