تحليلي بر مباني معرفت‌شناختي مطالعه نهضت عاشورا

An Analysis on the Bases of the Epistemological Study of the Ashura Movement

در اين نوشتار، با بيان اصول يا قواعد پژوهش‌هاي تاريخي با صبغه معرفت‌شناختي و روش‌شناختي، به پژوهش درباره منابع نهضت عاشورا و رخدادهاي آن ‌پرداختيم. اين بحث، ميان‌رشته‌اي و جايگاه اصلي آن معرفت‌شناسي دانش‌هاي نقلي است؛ اما مباني معرفتي و دستاوردهاي نهضت عاشورا در دانش كلام و تاريخ نيز كاربرد بسيار دارد. در اين مقاله، به بيان اصول معرفت‌شناختي در قلمرو دليل نقلي و درجه معرفتي ادله نقلي، اقسام و شرايط اعتبارشان، منشا اعتبار آنها، به‌ويژه خبر واحد مي‌پردازيم. با بررسي اصول معرفت‌شناختي حاكم بر دليل نقلي، منابع و مدارك نهضت عاشورا و رويدادهاي آن، به اين نتيجه رهنمون مي‌شويم كه منابع و مدارك رويدادهاي عاشورا، به اسناد تاريخي منحصر نيست، بلكه افزون بر اين‌گونه اسناد، مي‌توان در عرصه‌هايي ديگر به منابعي متقن دست يافت. افزون بر آن، منابع بسياري براي اثبات رويدادهاي عاشورا وجود دارد كه مي‌توان به عنوان منابع معرفتي معتبر نهضت عاشورا براي تثبيت باورهاي ديني در علم كلام به آنها اعتماد و استناد كرد. حاصل اينكه، ارتباط تاريخي نهضت عاشورا با گذشته منقطع نيست و پيوندي استوار دارد. از‌اين‌رو، نبايد در بسياري از حوادث عاشورا ترديد كرد. اين پيامد، نقش معرفت‌شناختي، تاريخي و كلامي ژرفي دارد.

In this paper, by stating the principles or rules of historical researches which were epistemological and methodological in nature, research has been made on the sources of the Ashura movement and its events. This issue is interdisciplinary and its original position is the epistemology of traditional sciences. However, the epistemological bases and achievements of the Ashura movement also have many functions in the field of Islamic theology and history. In this paper, the following will be attended to: statement of the epistemological principles in the domain of traditionl reason and the epistemic level of traditional reasons; the types and conditions for their authenticity; and the origin of their authenticity, especially with respect to single reports. By analyzing the epistemological principles governing traditional reasoning as well as the sources of and evidence concerning the Ashura movement and its events, one can conclude that sources and evidence concerning the events of Ashura are not confined to historical records. In fact, in addition to these records, one can obtain reliable sources in different fields as well. In addition, many sources exist which prove the events of Ashura which could be relied upon and referred to as authentic epistemic sources of the Ashura movement in verifying religious beliefs in the science of theology. The historic relationship between the Ashura movement and the past is not interrupted but rather has a strong connection. Therefore, one should not be doubtful over many of the events of Ashura. This issue has a significant epistemological, historical, and theological role.