پديد آورندگان :
مومنپور، علي نويسنده استاديار، مركز ملي شوري، يزد، ايران Momenpour, A. , رسولي، موسي نويسنده استاديار، گروه علوم باغباني، دانشكده كشاورزي، دانشگاه ملاير، ايران Rasouli, M. , ايماني، علي نويسنده دانشيار، بخش تحقيقات باغباني، موسسه اصلاح و تهيه نهال و بذر كرج، ايران Imani, A. , دهاقين، ليلا نويسنده كارشناسارشد، گروه گياه پزشكي، دانشكده كشاورزي، دانشگاه تربيت مدرس، ايران Dahaghin, L.
كليدواژه :
پسته , شاخص هاي رشدي , شوري , عناصر پرمصرف , عناصر كم مصرف , كلروفيل فلورسانس , Chlorophyll fluorescence , Growth indices , Macronutrients , Micronutrients , pistachio , Salinity stress
چكيده لاتين :
Background and objectives: Pistachio (Pistachio vera L.) is the appropriate orchard tree in arid condition, its adapted to adverse climate condition, salinity and drought stress (16). Salinity is the the main constrain for agricultural production (23). Almost 12.5% of land areas in Iran are saline, which overwhelmingly contain sodium, while more than 800 million hectares of land area on the earth (6% of overall global land area) are affected by salinity (18). Therefore, salt tolerance cultivars and rootstocks is effective factors in sensitivity or tolerance to salinity of fruit trees including pistachio (11, 12, 22, 23). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of salt stress on growth charactristic and concentration of nutrition elements of pistachio cultivars and introducing most tolerant cultivar to it.
Material and method: In order to evaluate the tolerance of some pistachio cultivars to salinity an experiment was carried out with two factors including cultivar and salinity with factorial arrangement based on RCBD design in 2013. Fourteen cultivars (Ghazvini, Shah Pasand, Akbari, Khanjari, Jandaghi, Italiyayi, Fndoghi 48, Sabz Pesteh Tohg, Ahmad Aghayi, Rezaie Zood Res, Mousa Abadi, Ebarahimi, Kaleh Ghochi and Badami Zarand) in five levels of salinity including 0, 2.4, 4.8, 7.2 and 9.6 g/l of sodium chloride with electrical conductivity of 0.5, 4.9, 9.8, 14.74 and 19.8 dS/m. Morphological, physiological and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic as well as nutrients such as K+ and Na+ in roots and leaves, was investigated in 14 pistachio cultivars then perform salinity stress.
Result and discussion: Results in all studied cultivars showed that increasing salinity decreased branch height, branch diameter, number of total leaves, percentage of green leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaves, shoots and root, relative humidity content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. But, salinity increased the percentage of necrotic leaves, the percentage of downfall leave, root/shoot fresh and dry weight ratio, relative ionic percentage and cell membrane injury percentage. The results showed that salinity stress affected the young trees through increasing the amount of minimum fluorescence (F0) and decreasing the maximum fluorescence (Fm) and reducing variable fluorescence (Fv) as well as the ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence from 0.83 in the control plants to 0.59 in Rezaie Zoodres cultivar and 0.61 in Mousa Abadi cultivar. The result showed that in the all evaluated cultivars, the highest rate of Na+ in leaves and roots (2.09% and 3.04%), and the lowest rate of K+ in leaves and roots (0.40% and 0.34%), was observed in 9.6 g/l salinity.
Conclusion: Overall, Ghazvini was found to be the most tolerant cultivar to salinity stress. This cultivar could well tolerate salinity of 7.2 g/l (14.75 dS/m). In contrast, Rezaie Zoodres and Mousa Abadi cultivars were most sensitive cultivars to salinity stress.