بررسي علم غيب ائمه(ع) در مكتب كلامي طباطبايي و شاگردان وي

A Review of Infallible Imams' Knowledge of the Unseen in the Theological School of Allamah Tabatabaii and His Disciples

يكي از مباحث مهم درباره علم غيب اين است كه: علم ائمه (ع) به جهان غيب مطلق و نامحدود است يا محدود؟ نكته مهم اين است كه در آيات و روايات، تعبيرات به ظاهر متفاوتي ديده مي‌شود. در اين بحث، علم غيب را طبق دلالت آيات و روايات و از منظر كلامي طباطبايي و شاگردان وي بيان مي‌كنيم. غيب داراي مراتب و مراحلي است؛ مثل غيب از حواس مانند گذشته و آينده، علم كتاب، علم لدني، علم به لوح محو و اثبات، لوح محفوظ، علوم خاص به خدا مثل زمان قيامت، و علم ذات به ذات. ادله علم غيب نيز بر دو قسم است: ادله عقلي و فلسفي كه مبتني بر قدرت و كمال نفس در اتصال به مبدأ عالي است؛ ادله نقلي كه برخي علم به غيب را به طور كلي از غيرخدا نفي كرده‌اند و برخي علم را با شرايطي براي انبيا و اوليا ثابت مي‌كنند. در جمع بين اين دو دسته راهكارهايي عرضه شده است، از جمله: تقسيم علم به استقلالي و تبعي، لوح محفوظ و محو و اثبات، تفكيك بين معاني غيب و مانند آن.

Esmat Nayyeri[1]  Hussein Ghasemi[2] Muhammad Taqi Diyari Bidgoli[3] One of the main questions about infallible Imams' knowledge of the unseen is "whether this knowledge is absolute and limited or not?" The important point is that Quranic verses and hadiths apparently offer different interpretations. The present paper discusses the issue according to denotation of Quranic verses and hadiths and from the theological viewpoint of Allamah Tabatabaii and his disciples. The unseen has stages and degrees such as hidden from senses like past and future, knowledge of the Book, Godgiven knowledge, knowledge of the Tablet of obliteration and effacement, guarded Tablet, sciences particular to God such as the time of resurrection, and knowledge of essence about essence. There are two types of reason for the knowledge of the unseen: Rational and philosophical reasons which are based on the perfection and power of the soul to attach to the supreme origin and transmitted reasons some of which generally prove the knowledge of the unseen only for God and others prove it for prophets and friends of God under certain conditions. Some solutions have been proposed to sum up these two views, including division of knowledge into independent and dependent knowledge, guarded Tablet and Tablet of obliteration and effacement, differentiating the meanings of the unseen and so forth.   [1] . MA graduate of teaching Islamic theology and sciences, University of Islamic sciences, corresponding author [2] . PhD student of teaching Islamic sciences, University of Islamic sciences [3] . Associate professor of department of science of the Quran and hadith, Qom University