مشاوره تحصيلي از طريق گفتگوي فلسفي

Educational Counseling through Philosophical Dialog

نوشتار حاضر ضمن طرح مشاوره فلسفي، يكي از موضوعات اساسي را كه اين روزها شاگردان، والدين و معلمان درگير آن هستند، به چالش ميكشد و ضمن طرح پرسشهاي اساسي نظير اينكه علت اضطراب شاگردان چيست؟ آيا شاگردان از بهره هوشي كمي برخوردارند؟ آيا ريشه اين مشكلات را بايد در هيجانها و احساسها جستجو كرد؟ مشاوره تحصيلي فلسفي چيست؟ و چه كمكي را براي مواجهه با مسايل تحصيلي دانش‌آموز ارايه ميكند؟ شيوه‌يي از برخورد با مشكلات تحصيلي شاگردان را معرفي ميكند كه «مشاوره فلسفي» نام دارد. در قلب مشاوره فلسفي، گفتگوي سقراطي نهفته است كه تمركزش بر انديشيدن ميباشد. در اين شيوه، شاگردان بعنوان ظروف خالي در نظر آورده نميشوند كه مدام بايد از سوي معلمان پر شوند و از سوي آنها و والدين نصيحت گردند، بلكه بعنوان يادگيرندگان مستقل و آزاد و برابر در نظر آورده ميشوند. امتحان و مسايل آن نيز يكي از مواردي است كه به اين شيوه ميتوان آن را بررسي كرد.

The present paper, while explaining the process of philosophical counseling, is intended to challenge one of the important problems that have engaged both parents and teachers nowadays. In doing so, the writer firstly poses some fundamental questions including: what are the reasons for studentsʹ anxiety? Do students have a low level of IQ? Should we search for the roots of their problems in their tensions and emotions? What is meant by philosophical educational counseling? How does it help the students to deal with their educational problems? Then she introduces a method of dealing with studentsʹ educational problems called "philosophical counseling". This method has at its heart the method of Socratic dialog which concentrates on thinking. Here, the students are not viewed as empty vessels which must be continually filled by teachers. Neither are they considered as individuals who should receive advice from both their teachers and parents at all times. Rather, they are conceived of free, equal, and independent learners. This method also presents some new ideas with regard to testing students and its related problems.