تحليل فضايي جرايم سرقت در سطح شهر قروه

An Analysis on Spatial Distribution of Robbery Crimes in the Qorveh City

مسأله‌اي كه امروزه متوليان امر امنيت با آن مواجه هستند، افزايش جرايم سرقت است. يكي از اركان مهم مديريت بهينه شهرها، تحليل فضايي جرايم شهري در سطح مناطق است. لذا هدف اين پژوهش دستيابي به چگونگي پراكندگي جراِيم و بررسي رابطه بين متغيرهاي محيطي با متغير نوع جرم، متغير زماني و نوع جرم (تحليل زماني و مكاني ارتكاب به سرقت) و شناسايي مناطق جرم‌خيز در شهر قروه است. اين پژوهش از نظر هدف كاربردي و از نظر روش توصيفي تحليلي و همبستگي است. محدوده مورد پژوهش شهر قروه در استان كردستان است. داده‌هاي مورد استفاده در پژوهش شامل آمار 2 ساله (1389 1390) جرايم سرقت است كه از فرماندهي نيروي انتظامي شهرستان قروه دريافت شده است. داده‌ها و اطلاعات از روش اسناديكتابخانه‌اي گردآوري ‌شده است و براي تجزيه ‌و تحليل آن‌ها از روش‌هاي آماري از قبيل ضريب همبستگي در نرم‌افزار SPSS (براي به دست آوردن رابطه ميزان جرم و زمان و مكان در شهر قروه) و سيستم اطلاعات جغرافيايي GIS (براي نشان دادن توزيع و پراكندگي جرايم در سطح شهر) استفاده‌شده است. نتايج نشان مي‌دهد كه بيشترين نوع جرم از ميان جرايم سرقت صورت گرفته مربوط به جرم سرقت موتورسيكلت به ميزان 48/29 درصد از كل جرايم بوده است. بيشترين تعداد جرايم سرقت نيز در محدوده خيابان‌هاي اصلي شهر به وقوع پيوسته است و الگوي توزيع و پراكندگي جرايم نيز از زمان، مكان و فصول سال تبعيت مي‌كند به اين معني كه با روند تغيير ساعت در طول شبانه‌روز نوع جرم سرقت نيز تغييريافته به‌ طوري‌كه در ساعات روشنايي روز (از ساعت 6 صبح تا 18 عصر) بيشترين جرايم مربوط به سرقت موتورسيكلت و در زمان تاريكي (از ساعت 18 عصر الي 6 بامداد) جرايم سرقت مربوط به منزل و ماشين بيشتر اتفاق افتاده است. همچنين بين موقع مكاني جرم با ميزان وقوع آن رابطه معناداري وجود دارد به اين صورت كه در فضاهاي مسكوني بيشترين جرم مربوط به سرقت منازل و در خيابان و ميدان‌ها شلوغ شهري سرقت از نوع موتور است و نوع سرقت با فصل وقوع رابطه معناداري وجود دارد به‌طوري در سه فصل اول سال بيشترين سرقت مربوط به موتورسيكلت است.

Introduction Population growth and rapid urbanization means that crime as a social problem, threaten the quality of life. After industrialization and population density as a common problem in urban areas, income offense. An increase in crime in cities creates insecurity, chaos and confusion of life of citizens, this has a broad spiritual and material costs upon society. Robbery constitutes a significant proportion of crime in cities. Crimes of Robbery associated with everyday activities in society. The identification of the causes of crime and try to eliminate or mitigate its effects is the most important prevention strategy. Scholars have found place, person and time are three main elements shaping societal ills. Differences in spatial and behavioral characteristics, along with time, causes the spatial distribution of crime in the city is not the same, in some areas due to its features and characteristics of the social, economic and cultural residents, the rate of crime is higher. In the regard of offenses, the offenses related to Robbery is the most important and most complex problems in the cities of Iran, which has psychological and social effects on individuals and society. Because Robbery is more abundant than any other crime in the Qorveh city. Identification and spatial analysis of Robbery crime provides an opportunity to the police to respond faster. In this research, we focused on the study of the spatial distribution of population on committing criminal acts and the effect of environmental factors on the geographical areas in Qorveh. The following secondary objectives of this study will be to achieve the main goal, which includes: 1) the determining of the effect of the location on Robbery; 2) the recognition of the role of time in the event of Robbery, 3) the role and impact of urban space in the incidence of Robbery.   Matherial & Methods This study in the regard of goal is practical and in the regard of method is analyticaldescriptive. The case of study is Qorveh in Kurdistan province. Data used in the study consisted of a 2year statistics (2010 2011) Robbery crime that have been received from the city's police chief. The data and information collected by documentarylibrary and analysis of statistical techniques such as correlation coefficient using SPSS (to obtain the relationship between the offense and the time and place in Qorveh) and Geographic Information Systems GIS (for the distribution and the distribution of crime in the city).   Discussion of Results & Conclusions The results show that most of crimes related to motorcycle Robbery, which has been made 29/48 percent of total crimes. Because of villagers’ daily trips to the town center for shopping and economic activities, in the very busy hours, situation becomes very suitable for Robbery, which the motorcycle Robbery is the most. The highest number of robbery offenses and their distribution have occurred within the city's main streets, which shows the distribution pattern of Robbery crimes in the citywill follow the pattern of population density. In other areas and city streets have not seen much difference in the type of crimes. Nearly homogeneous scattered crimes show geographical areas are according to their characteristics that can influence the number and type of crimes. Crimes distribution and density patterns are following time, place and years’ seasons, which mean by changing trends of hours across the daily life, the kind of Robbery changed too. Also, there is meaningful correlation between crimes’ location and the repeated times’, and the kind of crime and its occurred season. This indicates that in each of the city's urban Spaces, due to their situations, occur a particular type of crime.