تقاص از اموال دولتي

Taqas in Governmentowned Property

فارغ از اينكه اصل تقاص مالي از مسلمات فقه اماميه است و تقاص افراد از اموال اشخاص حقيقي مورد مناقشه نيست، مسأله اين است كه آيا ميتوان از اموال دولت تقاص كرد؟ و آيا تقاص اشخاص حقيقي از اموال اشخاص حقوقي جايز است؟ فقيهان اماميه عليرغم اهميت مسأله به بحث تقاص از اموال حاكميت اسلامي نپرداختهاند مگر اشارههاي نادري كه در حواشي بعضي ابواب مشاهده ميگردد و يا برخي استفتاءات از معاصرين و نيز از حضرت امام خميني كه در اين زمينه وجود دارد. مقاله حاضر پس از اشاره به اقوال در مسأله، ادله جواز تقاص از اموال دولتي را بيان كرده، مورد كنكاش قرار ميدهد و ايرادهاي احتمالي را در جهت تبيين نظريه عدم جواز ارزيابي ميكند و در نهايت به دليل صحيحه داود بن رزين و نيز عموم و اطلاق برخي ادله ديگر تقاص، اعم از آيات و روايات به اين نتيجه ميرسد كه با رعايت شرائطي تقاص از اموال دولت اسلامي جايز است.

Although Taqas (Offset of debts) is an undisputed precept of Imamiyah jurisprudence and there is no dispute over permissibility of setting off debts from natural persons property by taking the debtors property who denies to pay off his debt without his permission, the issue is to set off debts fromgovernmentowned property, i.e. is it permissible for natural persons to set off debts from legal persons property? In spite of the importance of the issue, Imamiyah jurists have not discussed the matter except some hints given in margins of some chapters; or in response to some requests for judicial opinion from Imam Khomeini and some other contemporary scholars. After mentioning the viewpoints in this regard, this paper states the reasons of permissibility of Taqas from governmentowned property and discusses them to evaluate the possible objections supporting the impermissibility view and finally according to Sahiha of Davoud Ibn Razin and concerning generality and absoluteness of some other reasons of Taqas consisting of Quranic verses and narrations, it deduces that under some conditions, it is permissible to set off debts fromgovernmentowned property.