بررسي تأثير آموزش خودمراقبتي بر كنترل عوارض و مصرف دارو و هموگلوبين A1C نوجوانان مبتلا به ديابت نوع يك

The effect of self-care education on the control of diabetes complications, medications and HbA1C in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

زمینه و هدف: دیابت، بیماری مزمنی است كه نیازمند رفتارهای خود مراقبتی ویژه در سراسر عمر است. نوجوانان مبتلا به دیابت نیاز به آموزش خود مراقبتی برای كنترل دیابت و پیش‌گیری از عوارض آن دارند. از این رو مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین تأثیر آموزش خود مراقبتی بر عوارض دیابت و هموگلوبین A1C نوجوانان مبتلا به دیابت نوع یك انجام یافته است. روش بررسی: این مطالعه از نوع كارآزمایی بالینی غیرتصادفی (IRCT2015051322258N1) است كه در مورد 74 نفر از نوجوانان 18-12ساله مبتلا به دیابت نوع یك مراجعه‌كننده به انجمن دیابت ایران كه به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب و در دو گروه (آزمون 34 نفر و شاهد 40 نفر) قرار گرفتند، انجام یافته است. مداخله آموزشی در 5 جلسه برای گروه آزمون اجرا شد. بعد از آن بیماران به مدت 3 ماه از طریق سرویس‌های تلفن همراه تحت آموزش و پیگیری قرار گرفتند. ابزار مورد استفاده شامل پرسشنامه جمعیت‌شناختی و بخش «كنترل عوارض و مصرف داروی» پرسشنامه سنجش رفتارهای خود مراقبتی بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS نسخه 18 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: قبل از آموزش بین میانگین «كنترل عوارض و مصرف دارو» و میزان هموگلوبین A1C دو گروه آزمون و شاهد تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد (05/0p>). بعد از اجرای برنامه آموزشی اختلاف معناداری بین میانگین «كنترل عوارض و مصرف دارو» و میزان هموگلوبین A1C دو گروه دیده شد (05/0p<). نتیجه‌گیری: آموزش خود مراقبتی و همچنین پیگیری بعد از جلسات آموزش می‌تواند موجب كاهش عوارض و كاهش میزان هموگلوبین A1C در نوجوانان مبتلا به دیابت نوع یك شود.

Background & Aim: Diabetes is a chronic disease that needs lifelong special self-care behaviors. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes need self-care education for the control of diabetes and the prevention of its complications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of self-care education on the control of diabetes complications, medications and HbA1C in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods & Materials: This study is a non-randomized clinical trial (IRCT2015051322258N1) carried out on seventy four adolescents aged 12-18 years old with type 1 diabetes referred to the Iran diabetes association. They were selected using convenience sampling method and allocated into two groups (intervention: 34 people, control: 40 people). An educational intervention was performed in five sessions for the intervention group. After education, the patients were trained and followed up using mobile services for three months. The instruments consisted of a demographic characteristics form and a section of the self-care behaviors scale evaluating medications and the control of complications. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software v.18. Results: Before the education, no significant difference was observed in the mean scores of medications and control of complications and level of HbA1C between the two groups of intervention and control (P>0.05). After the education, there was a significant difference between two groups in the mean scores of medications and control of complications and level of HbA1C (P<0.05). Conclusion: Self-care education and the follow up after educational sessions can lead to the reduction in diabetes complications and HbA1C level among adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Background & Aim: Diabetes is a chronic disease that needs lifelong special self-care behaviors. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes need self-care education for the control of diabetes and the prevention of its complications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of self-care education on the control of diabetes complications, medications and HbA1C in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods & Materials: This study is a non-randomized clinical trial (IRCT2015051322258N1) carried out on seventy four adolescents aged 12-18 years old with type 1 diabetes referred to the Iran diabetes association. They were selected using convenience sampling method and allocated into two groups (intervention: 34 people, control: 40 people). An educational intervention was performed in five sessions for the intervention group. After education, the patients were trained and followed up using mobile services for three months. The instruments consisted of a demographic characteristics form and a section of the self-care behaviors scale evaluating medications and the control of complications. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software v.18. Results: Before the education, no significant difference was observed in the mean scores of medications and control of complications and level of HbA1C between the two groups of intervention and control (P>0.05). After the education, there was a significant difference between two groups in the mean scores of medications and control of complications and level of HbA1C (P<0.05). Conclusion: Self-care education and the follow up after educational sessions can lead to the reduction in diabetes complications and HbA1C level among adolescents with type 1 diabetes.