بررسي نقش و كاركرد تعاوني هاي دهياري در توسعه روستايي استان گلستان

Investigating the Role and Function of Rural Municipality Cooperatives in Rural Development in Golestan Province

هدف: به‌‌كارگيري سازمان‌ها و نهادهاي محلّي يكي از رويكردهاي مديريّتي در جوامع روستايي است كه در برهه‌هايي از تاريخ توسعه روستايي كشور مورد توجّه واقع شده است. در اين راستا تعاوني‌هاي دهياري در بسياري از نواحي تشكيل شده است و نقش بسيار مؤثّري در تسهيل خدمات دهياري‌ها داشته است. اين تحقيق با هدف بررسي نقش و كاركرد تعاوني هاي دهياري در توسعه روستايي استان گلستان انجام شده است. روش: تحقيق حاضر بر مبناي راهبرد پيمايش پرسش نامه‌اي به انجام رسيده است. جامعه آماري تحقيق شامل دهياران عضو شركت تعاوني‌هاي دهياري استان گلستان به تعداد 830 نفر است. به روش فرمول كوكران تعداد نمونه‌ها 118 نفر تعيين شد و از روش نمونه‌گيري خوشه‌اي در سطح 9 شركت تعاوني دهياري جهت انتخاب نمونه‌ها استفاده شد. اعتبار پرسش نامه به عنوان ابزار گردآوري داده‌ها، از طريق سه نفر از كارشناسان شاغل در شركت تعاوني‌ دهياري در استان گلستان و سه نفر از اعضاي هيأت علمي دانشگاه و پايايي آن از طريق محاسبه آلفاي كرونباخ براي كاركرد عمراني، اقتصادي، خدماتي و فرهنگياجتماعي به ترتيب 928/0، 840/0، 908/0 و 908/0 محاسبه شد و مورد تأييد قرار گرفت. يافته‌ها: نتايج رتبه‌بندي مهم‌ترين كاركردهاي شركت‌هاي تعاوني دهياري نشان داد كه مواردي مانند «مشاركت در ساخت و بهينه‌سازي مسكن روستايي» در زمينه كاركرد عمراني، «سرمايه‌گذاري در جهت بهبود توليدات كشاورزي و صنعتي» در زمينه كاركرد اقتصادي، «تسطيح معابر روستا» در زمينه كاركرد خدماتي و «تربيت مديران آشنا به شرايط روستا و سازمان‌هاي محلّي» در زمينه كاركرد فرهنگياجتماعي اولويّت بالايي داشتند. نتايج آزمون t تك نمونه‌اي نشان داد كه كاركردهاي مختلف اين شركت‌ها در توسعه روستايي در ناحيه مورد مطالعه كم‌تر از حدّ متوسط يا نامناسب است. نتايج آزمون فريدمن هم نشان داد كه تأثير كاركردها متفاوت نيست و از اولويّت يكساني برخوردار هستند. نتايج آزمون t مستقل براي مقايسه كاركردهاي تعاوني دهياري در بين بخش‌ها نشان داد كه كاركردهاي تعاوني دهياري در بخش مركزي هر شهرستان وضعيّت بهتري داشتند. نتايج آزمون كروسكال واليس جهت مقايسه كاركردها بر حسب سابقه تأسيس نشان داد كه كاركرد تعاوني‌هاي دهياري برحسب قدمت آن ها تفاوت معني داري داشتند. در هر چهار زمينه (عمراني، اقتصادي، خدماتي و فرهنگي اجتماعي)، تعاوني‌هايي كه قدمت بالاتري داشتند، كاركردهاي بهتر و مؤثّرتري نيز ارائه كرده‌اند. نتايج آزمون كروسكال واليس جهت مقايسه كاركردها در بين شهرستان‌ها نشان داد كه در زمينه كاركردهاي عمراني و خدماتي شهرستان گرگان وضعيّت بهتري داشته است و در زمينه كاركردهاي اقتصادي و فرهنگي اجتماعي شهرستان كردكوي وضعيّت بهتري داشته است. محدوديّت‌ها/ راهبردها: تمركز اين تحقيق بر بررسي نقش و كاركرد تعاوني هاي دهياري در توسعه روستايي بود. بنابراين، انتظار مي رود پژوهش هاي آينده به شناسايي راه‌كارهاي ارتقاي عملكرد نقش و كاركردهاي اين تعاوني ها بپردازند. راه‌كارهاي عملي: با توجّه به يافته‌ها، هم‌كاري بخشداري براي تأمين ماشين‌آلات مورد نياز، واگذاري پروژه‌هاي عمراني و تأمين نيروهاي متخصّص، حمايت شوراي بخش در تأمين مالي، هماهنگي همه شوراها و دهياران با تعاوني دهياران، تأسيس صندوق مالي، بيمه و غيره وابسته به تعاوني دهياري، برنامه‌ريزي براي برقراري ارتباط مؤثّر و نشست‌هاي مشورتي بين تعاوني‌هاي دهياران در سطح شهرستان، استان و كشور جهت بهبود نقش و كاركرد تعاوني هاي دهياري مؤثّر است. اصالت و ارزش: شناخت نقش و كاركرد تعاوني‌هاي دهياري در توسعه روستايي استان گلستان و ارائه پيشنهادهايي براي ارتقاي عملكرد اين نوع تعاوني‌ها، اصالت و ارزش اصلي اين تحقيق است.

Extended abstract 1. INTRODUCTION The use of local organizations and institutes is one of the management approaches in rural communities that in certain periods of the history of rural development is considered. In this regard, rural municipality cooperatives have been formed in many areas and have been played highly effective role in facilitating services of rural municipality. Therefore, current research aimed to investigate the role and function of rural municipality cooperatives in rural development in Golestan Province. 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Rural management, by definition, is a process in which organizations and institutions are shaped to meet the objectives of the rural community and, in fact, organizing and conducting community and rural environment occurs. Within this general definition, the aims such as rural modernization and improving the physical environment, guiding and monitoring the process of rural development and improving living and working conditions for rural management could be considered. With establishment of rural municipalities in addition to rural council, as legislator and approval of rural development programs, executive management of village affairs was laid to rural municipalities. So, rural municipalities as nongovernmental organizations, which administrate rural affairs under the supervision of local villagers and Islamic Councils, have important duties in the field of public affairs. Moreover, the rural municipality’s cooperative is a voluntary association for collective action of rural administrator in taking the needs of the construction, services, economic and sociocultural as well as promoting and developing rural areas. Rural municipality’s cooperative with a few basic purposes were formed, one of which improve the livelihoods, health and wellbeing of the villagers. The second objective is contributing to economic selfsufficiency and strengthening rural municipality and the third goal is the creation of productive and sustainable employment in rural areas which is a very important purpose of this cooperatives. In the final conclusion with regard to the economic and developmental benefits associated with rural municipality’s cooperative, most important activities of this cooperation can include implementation of rural development projects, providing engineering and consulting services in the village, helping rural municipality in services and civil activities, providing equipment for the private sector to carry out construction activities and services, creating network to gather crops and livestock and industrial production of rural people and implementation of economic projects to maintain and exploit natural resources of rural areas. 3. METHODOLOGY Statistical population was 830 of rural administrators who had membership in municipality cooperatives of Golestan province. Sample size (n=118) was determinated by Cochran 's formula. The sample was selected by cluster sampling technique within 9 rural municipality cooperatives. Validity of the research questionnaire was confirmed by 3 experts from Golestan municipality cooperatives and faculty members. Calculated Cronbach alpha coefficient as indication of questionnaire’s reliability was equal to 0.928, 0.840, 0.901 and 0.908 for main part of questionnaire, including civil, economic services and sociocultural function respectively. 4. DISCUSSION Results of ranking items related to each function showed that "participation in the construction and improvement of rural housing " regarding civil function, "investment to improve agricultural and industrial production " regarding economic function, "leveling the rural streets " regarding service function and "training managers familiar with the conditions of the village and local organizations " regarding socialcultural function had a high priority. One sample t test results showed that the municipality cooperatives have no role and effect on rural development. Friedman test results showed that the impact of functions are not different and have equal priority. Results of independent sample ttest showed that municipality cooperatives in the central district of each county have better functions. KruskalWallis test to compare the performance of the municipality cooperative based on years of establishment showed that cooperative with longer years of establishment have better performance in all the four functions. KruskalWallis test results to compare the performance of the municipality cooperative among counties showed that Gorgan county has high performance in civil and services function while Kordkoy county has high performance in sociocultural and economic function 5– Conclusion Limitation/strategies: The focus of this study was to examine the role and function of rural municipality cooperatives in taking rural development, so it is expected that future researches investigate identification strategies to improve the performance of role and functions of the cooperatives. According to the findings, collaboration rural demarche to provide the required machinery, transfer of development projects and providing specialized workforce, support in financing from the district council, coordination of all rural councils and rural municipalities with cooperatives, establishment of funding, insurance, planning for effective communication and consultation meetings between cooperatives in county, province and country to improve the role and functioning of cooperatives is effective. Moreover, understanding the role and function of rural municipality cooperatives in rural development in Golestan province and providing recommendations for improving the performance of this type of cooperatives are originality and value of this research.