تحليل فضايي الگوي اشتغال زنان روستايي و شهري ايران در بخش‏هاي عمده فعاليت با استفاده از ضريب FLQ

Spatial Analysis of Iranian Rural and Urban Women’s Employment Patterns in Main Sectors Using FLQ

هدف از پژوهش حاضر شناخت فعاليت پايه‏اي اشتغال زنان روستايي و شهري در بخش‎ها و گروه‏هاي عمده فعاليت‏هاي اقتصادي در مناطق روستايي و شهري و همچنين، توزيع فضايي آنها در سطح كشور بود. جامعه آماري پژوهش 394 شهرستان كشور را دربر‏مي‏گرفت، كه آمار و اطلاعات آنها از سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن سال 1390 استخراج شد و با استفاده از ضريب FLQ، بخش‏هاي پايه صادركننده نيروي كار مشخص شدند. نتايج نشان داد كه در بخش كشاورزي، نواحي شمال، مركز و شمال شرق كشور از نواحي پايه‏اي در اشتغال زنان روستايي و بخش‏هايي از استان‏هاي قم، لرستان، ايلام، كرمانشاه، خوزستان، خراسان جنوبي يزد و كرمان از نواحي پايه و صادركننده نيروي كار زنان شهري به‏شمار مي‏روند؛ در بخش صنعت نيز نواحي شمال غرب، مركز و شمال شرق كشور از نواحي پايه اشتغال زنان روستايي و شمال و شمال شرق كشور از نواحي پايه‏اي اشتغال زنان شهري محسوب مي‏شوند؛ و در بخش خدمات نيز نواحي شمال و شمال غربي كشور از نواحي پايه‏اي اشتغال زنان روستايي و نواحي شمال كشور از نواحي پايه‏اي اشتغال زنان شهري است.

The study aimed at identifying the basic and non-basic employment activities of rural women in major economically active sectors of rural districts of Iran and their spatial distribution in the country. The statistical population included 394 counties. Required data were extracted from the 2011 General Population and Housing Census. The basic sources of active human workforce were determined by using Formula if Location Quotient (FLQ) spatial cluster analysis. The results indicated that in the agricultural sector, northern, central and north-east areas were considered as basic areas for the employment of rural women; and some parts Qom, Lorestan, Ilam, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Yazd, Kerman, South Khorasan were Known as urban labor force exporting areas; in addition, the industry in north-west, central and north-east areas were found to be the base areas for the employment of rural women, and the north and north-east areas were considered as the basic areas for the employment of urban women; in the services sector, the employment of women in rural base areas was observed in the north and north-west of the country while the northern areas were found to be the basic areas for the employment of urban women.