"ياي" پاياني فعل امر در فارسي دري

The Inflectional “-y” at the End of of Imperative Verb in Middle (Dari) Persian

در متون منظوم و منثور فارسي دري، افعالي با ساختار ماده مضارع همراه با نويسه "ي/ ـي" براي بيان مفاهيم وجهي امر و دستور يا دعا و درخواست به‌كار رفته است. محققان، بدون توجه به تحولات تاريخي زبان فارسي دري، معتقدند كه اين ساخت مضارع التزامي دوم‌شخص مفرد براي بيان امر بوده و "بايد" از آغاز آن حذف شده است و "ي/ ـي" پاياني اين افعال شناسه دوم‌شخص مفرد است. در اين مقاله با بررسي پيشينه تاريخي اين ساخت و اشاره به وجه هاي مختلف و ذكر شواهد متعدد از زبان‌هاي دوره باستان و فارسي ميانه زردشتي، اين نتيجه حاصل شده است كه "ي/ ـي" در اين ساخت بازمانده تكواژ تمنايي ساز است و ساختار ماده مضارع همراه با "ي/ ـي" وجه تمنايي است كه بر مفهوم امر يا دعا دلالت داشته است.

In Early Modern Persian prose and verse, verbs with a present stem accompanied by grapheme "-y" have been used to express modal concepts of imperative and command or invocation and request. Researchers, regardless of the historical changes of Early Modern Persian, believe that this structure of subjunctive 2nd person singular has been used to express imperative mood, and that "bâyad" has been deleted from its beginning, and the ending "-y" in these verbs encodes 2nd person singular. Reviewing the historical background of this structure and mentioning different moods with multiple evidence from Old Iranian languages as well as Zoroastrian Middle Persian, this article concludes that "-y" in the mentioned structure is the remnant of the optative-making morpheme, and that the structure of present stem accompanied by "-y" is the optative mood which indicates the concept of command or invocation.