تحليل ماهوي «غيبت» در اخلاق اسلامي

A Analysis of Backbiting in Islamic Ethics

هدف اين مقاله تحليل ماهيت «غيبت» و بيان برخي از احكام آن از منظر اخلاق اسلامي است. سؤال اصلي تحقيق اين است كه اركان غيبت چيست و چه چيزهايي در تحقق غيبت شرط اصلي هستند؟ براي پاسخ به اين پرسش، پس از تحليل تعاريف مختلف، قيودي كه تصور مي‌شد جزء اركان غيبت باشند از هم تفكيك گرديد و مورد بحث و بررسي قرار گرفت. از نتايج اين پژوهش اين است كه اجزاي ماهوي غيبت چهار چيز هستند: 1.در غياب؛2. انسان معين ديگر؛3. بيان كردن چيزي؛ 4. بيانگر عيب ديگري از منظر عرفي. درنتيجه اموري چون: 1. تشيع و اسلام غيبت شونده؛ 2. واقعي بودن عيب يادشده در غياب فرد؛ 3. پنهان بودن عيب؛ 4. داشتن قصد انتقاص و عيب زدن؛ 5. كراهت و نارضايتي غيبت شونده، جزء اركان غيبت نيستند.

It has been intended in this paper to analyze the nature of backbiting and to mention some of its rules in Islamic ethics. Question of the study consists in: what may be counted as pillars and conditions of backbiting? Regarding and analyzing different definitions of backbiting, some elements seeming as pillars of backbiting were distinguished and studied. As is described in the paper, essentials of backbiting include four element of 1. at default of, 2. an definite person, 3. saying somthin against and 4: showing a fault of a peson as accepted by common sense. Therefore, such elements as 1. Shiism and Islam of the faulted person, 2. establishment of the fault in the faulted, 3. non clear state of fault, 4. intention for faulting and 5. the faulted person`s lack of satisfaction may not be counted as pillars for backbiting.