بررسي خصوصيات مورفولوژيكي و كيفيت علوفه تاج خروس زراعي (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) تحت اثر برخي پيش تيمارهاي بذري

Study of Morphological Characteristics and Forage Quality of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. under some Seed Priming

به منظور بررسي برخي خصوصيات مورفولوژيكي و كيفيت علوفه تاج خروس زراعي تحت اثر برخي پيش تيمارهاي بذري، آزمايشي بر پايه طرح بلوك كامل تصادفي با شش تيمار و سه تكرار در سال 1393 در مزرعه تحقيقاتي دانشگاه اروميه انجام شد. تيمارها شامل پيش تيمار بذري كود كبوتري (يك در ده)، و نياز تغليظ شده 68/39٪ (سه در هزار)، كود نانو كلات سوپر ميكرو (سه در هزار)، آب مغناطيسي، هميوپاتي 12x و شاهد بودند. بذرها به مدت 8 ساعت در تيمارهاي ذكر شده غوطه ور شدند و پس از رساندن به رطوبت اوليه جهت كشت به مزرعه منتقل شدند. صفات مورد بررسي شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ، تعداد شاخه فرعي، قطر ساقه و كيفيت علوفه بودند. برداشت در مرحله گلدهي از مساحت يك متر مربع هر واحد آزمايشي انجام شد. نتايج نشان دادند، اثر پيش تيمار بر كليه صفات غير از ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه و درصد خاكستر معني دار شد. با توجه به مقايسه ميانگين ها، بيشترين تعداد برگ (395 عدد در مترمربع) و تعداد شاخه فرعي (203/3 عدد در مترمربع) در پيش تيمار آب مغناطيسي به دست آمد. در صفات معرف كيفيت علوفه، بيشترين پروتئين (25/4٪)، كربوهيدرات قابل حل در آب (11/8٪)، ماده خشك قابل هضم (51/5٪) در كودكبوتري، بيشترين فيبر محلول در شوينده خنثي (59/7٪)، اسيدي (46/03٪) و بيشترين فيبر خام (26/6٪) در شاهد به دست آمد. در مجموع پيش تيمارهاي كود كبوتري و آب مغناطيسي بر خصوصيات مورفولوژيك و كيفيت علوفه تاثير بيشتري در مقايسه با ساير پيش تيمارها داشتند.

1Introduction Amaranthus (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) is a broad-leaved plant that was considered as new plant in many world countries such as Iran. Studies have showed that nutritional quality of amaranthus are higher than cereals and forage crops. Using treatments before planting will result in high germination rate, fast and appropriate establishment, and play important role on agronomic yield of crops. Study of seed organic pretreatment for morphological characteristics and quality according to forage desirable quality of amaranthus, as new plant in Iran, production deficit and forage qualitative reducing in this country on recent years, can be positive step to introduce this plant as forage security source. Materials and Methods To study the means of morphological characteristics and forage quality of amaranthus under seed pretreatment, a trial was arranged as randomized completely block design with six treatments and three replications in research field of agricultural college of Urmia university. Treatments were including seed priming of pigeon manure (10%), concentrated vaniaze (68.39%) (three in thousand) super macro plus nano chelate fertilizer (three in thousand), magnet water, Homeopathy 12x and control. The seeds were soaked in the listed treatments for 8 hours, therefore those were brought to the initial moisture content for 24 hours at 25 ◦C and transfered to field for planting. Ground preparation was concluded in the beginning of June as furrow-ridge. Seed were placed in 1-2 cm soil depth. Evaluated traits in current study were including plant height, secondary bough number, stem diagonal and forage quality. Harvest was at flowering stage in one square meter of each experimental unit. Samples were dried and milled. Therefore, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) technology was used for forage quality measurement. Results and Discussion Results of analysis variance indicated that treatment effects on plant height and diagonal stem were not significant, but was significant for leaf number and seconda led to qualitative and quantitative enhancement of amaranthus forage. Therefore, seeds treatment before planting using organic fertilizers produced in the field will lead to fertilizer preparation related the cost saving, and income value will be economically more than the cost and cost-effective for farmers.